Evaluation of Parameters Effect in Multiphoton Quantum Key Distribution Over Fiber Optic

Abstract

BB84 is a single photon that has been widely used since 1984 as the unconditional security of key distribution. Recently, the idea of multiphoton QKD was proposed to exchange the key using the rotational of polarization by over multi-stages protocol. By utilizing the state of polarization, the system does not require one of the four states like it did in the BB84 scheme. The multiphoton has the ability to improve the key rate generation and range of distances as well. Indeed, multiphoton QKD needs to be setup properly to gain the optimal performance over the fiber optic. This paper presents the fundamental implementation of multi-stages and multiphoton approach over the fiber optic by applying secret unitary transformation between Alice and Bob. The step by step operation of unitary transformation is applied using half-wave plates represented as Mueller matrix. This paper also evaluates the effects of parameters in the QKD model. The result reveals that channel loss, dark count rate, detector efficiency, photons’ repetition rate, and the average number of photons will affect the QBER and SKR.