Evaluation of paracetamol suppositories by a pharmacopoeial dissolution test – comments on methodology

Abstract

Ph.Eur. and BP have introduced a dissolution apparatus for suppositories. Suitability of the apparatus for quality control of paracetamol suppositories was evaluated and the effect of experimental conditions on dissolution profiles was studied. Paracetamol suppositories containing 80–500 mg of the drug, on fatty base, were obtained from four manufacturers (A, B, C, D). The diffusion cell was modified by incorporation of an in-built thermoprobe and large difference (up to 1.7°C) between temperature in the water-bath and in the dissolution chamber was observed. This effect was avoided by increasing the length of tubing immersed in the thermostat at the inlet of the cell. The most reproducible results were observed for A and C suppositories, however from suppository C the total dose of paracetamol was released after 3.5–4.5 h while the release from suppository A was slow with only 40–87% of the total dose liberated during 6 h. Suppositories B did not melt at 37°C and less than 5% of the drug was released. Fast release was observed after melting when the temperature was elevated to 39.5°C. The results demonstrate clearly that essentially complete melting of a suppository in the dissolution chamber is required for an appropriate dissolution of paracetamol in vitro. Disintegration time, softening time, drop point and particle size of the suspended drug were measured and the relevance of these parameters for dissolution behaviour of the preparations was discussed.