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Abstract
Activated carbon is the most known material used to adsorb ozone. Activating carbonaceous materials by ozonation is commonly used to produce activated carbon, however, requiring sophisticated skills and professional equipment. This paper presents a reversed idea: to adsorb ozone using an unactivated carbonaceous material, coffee. Three powder adsorbents are presented: fresh coffee (unactivated), spent coffee grounds (unactivated), and activated carbon (commercially available). The test is conducted by measuring and comparing the ozone concentration in an ozone-supplied chamber with or without the ozone adsorbent. The results show that, at the specific conditions, the peak ozone concentration is lowered by 38% to 56% when the chamber has the activated carbon. At the same conditions, the peak ozone concentration is lowered by 25% to 43% when the chamber has the coffee powders (either fresh or spent). The elemental analysis demonstrates that the oxygen content after the ozone adsorption increases by 20%, 14.4%, and 34.5% for the fresh coffee, the spent coffee grounds, and the activated carbon, respectively. The characteristic analysis (the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the thermogravimetric, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) suggests that the unactivated coffee is not porous, however, contains various organic compounds that could react with and consume ozone.
Highlights
Ozone (O3) is smell-irritating, colorless, capable of oxidizing organic compounds, and one of the six criteria air pollutants set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency
During the ozone generation period, when the chamber comes with the ozone adsorbents, the rate of the ozone generation is not as linear as the case that comes without the ozone adsorbents, and the ozone concentration is suppressed
The spent coffee grounds, and the activated carbon do react with ozone, the capabilities of the ozone suppression of the fresh coffee and the spent coffee grounds look similar while the activated carbon works best as anticipated
Summary
Ozone (O3) is smell-irritating, colorless, capable of oxidizing organic compounds, and one of the six criteria air pollutants set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Activated carbon is one of the commonly used ozone adsorbents because of its large surface area and specific chemical properties. Mueller et al showed that applying the activated carbon filter in an 11.9 m3 aluminum room where has a working electric air cleaner lowers the ozone concentration by 90% in seven minutes[13]. Boonamnuayvitaya et al made the activated carbon from the coffee residues with the different activating agents and reported that the maximum specific surface area was about 914 m2 g−118. Amount 100 g 300 g 100 g 300 g 100 g 300 g activated carbon from the spent coffee waste with an agent of zinc chloride under several treatment conditions, and the maximum specific surface area presented was up to 1,121 m2 g−119. Namane et al demonstrated that the coffee-grounds made activated carbon has a promising removal efficiency for the phenol (>80%) and the dye (>90%) when compared to the commercial activated carbon[20]
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