Abstract
The potential protective properties of carvacrol (CRV), which possesses various biological and pharmacological properties, against lung toxicity caused by cadmium (Cd), a major environmental pollutant, were investigated in the present study. In the study, rats were given 25 or 50mg/kg CRV orally 30min after administrating 25mg/kg cadmium chloride for seven days. Subsequently, the levels of 8-OHdG, MMP-2, and MMP-9, as well as markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, were analyzed in the lung tissue of the animals. The results revealed that CRV exhibited antioxidant characteristics and raised SOD, CAT, GPx, and CAT levels and decreased the MDA levels induced by Cd. It also suppressed proinflammatory cytokines by lowering the levels of CRV NF-κB and p38 MAPK, thus exerting an anti-inflammatory effect against Cd. It was found that the levels of Bax, Caspase-3, and cytochrome c increased by Cd were decreased by the application of CRV. CRV also showed an anti-apoptotic effect by increasing Bcl-2 levels. The levels of 8-OHdG, MMP2, and MMP9, which increased with Cd administration, were observed to reduce after treatment with CRV. The results indicate that CRV has protective properties against Cd-induced lung toxicity.
Highlights
Toxic metals are among the leading causes of environmental pollution, and their recognition is increasing day by day in terms of contributing to the pathophysiology of various diseases [1]
The results revealed that CRV exhibited antioxidant characteristics and raised superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and CAT levels and decreased the MDA levels induced by Cd
It was found that the levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), Caspase-3, and cytochrome c increased by Cd were decreased by the application of CRV
Summary
Toxic metals are among the leading causes of environmental pollution, and their recognition is increasing day by day in terms of contributing to the pathophysiology of various diseases [1]. Among these toxic agents, cadmium (Cd) is one of the best known. There is growing evidence that Cd damages the liver, kidneys, respiratory system, and nervous system [2, 3] For this reason, it has been added to the list of chemicals classified as globally hazardous by the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals of the United Nations Environment Program [3]. The potential protective properties of carvacrol (CRV), which possesses various biological and pharmacological properties, against lung toxicity caused by cadmium (Cd), a major environmental pollutant, were investigated in the present study
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