Evaluation of osteocalcin and reproductive hormones in men with type 2 diabetes in Misan province/Iraq

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high levels of blood sugar over a prolonged period. DM can be accompanied by numerous complications, including different organ systems for instance skeleton and reproductive system. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of osteocalcin (OC) and reproductive hormones in men with type 2 DM (T2DM) of Misan province from December 2018 to May 2019. Materials and Methods: The study population consists of 110 men aged 35–49 years of whom 66 type 2 diabetic and 44 healthy men; patients with T2DM were divided based on the age into three groups: the first (35–39) years, second (40–44) years, and third (45–49) years; patients with T2DM were also divided based on the body mass index into four groups: normal weight (18.5–24.9), overweight (25–29.9), obesity class I (30–34.9), and obesity class II (35–39.9) groups. Results: According to the age, the mean values of fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were significantly higher in diabetic subjects when compared with the control. OC increases significantly in the second and third groups as compared to control. Luteinizing hormone (LH) of the patients in the third group significantly increases as compared to the first group. Patients of the third group increase significantly compared to the patients in the first group. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) means value no different significantly according to the age. The testosterone (TT) mean value in compare between patients group, the third increase significantly in compare with first group. Estradiol (E2) in the first group increases significantly as compared to control. Prolactin (PRL) in the first group decreases significantly compared to control. According to the BMI, the mean value of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c was significantly higher in diabetic subjects when compared to control. OC value of T2DM significantly increases in the group obesity class II and overweight. LH, TT, and FSH were not significantly significant compared with control. E2 value significant different in compare with control of obesity class I and class II. PRL decreased significantly as compared to control in normal weight group; in patients of obesity class I, the E2 value increases significantly as compared to patients of normal weight.Conclusions: This study revealed no relationship between OC and reproductive hormones and no relationship between OC and T2DM.