Evaluation of oral lesions in HIV seropositive individuals and its correlation with CD4 + T-lymphocytic count

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by a gradual reduction in the counts of cluster of differentiation (CD)4 + T-lymphocytes that in turn leads to opportunistic infections and specific neoplastic processes. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART)/highly active ART (HAART) has led to a decrease in the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of HIV-related oral lesions and to correlate these lesions with laboratory parameter such as CD4 + T-lymphocyte count before and after the administration of ART. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a total of 120 patients were evaluated, out of which 79 patients who presented with oral lesions were further assessed for oral lesions and respective CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts. The oral examination was carried out using presumptive criteria by European Community (EC) Clearinghouse and CD4 + T- lymphocyte counts was assessed by flow cytometry. Same group of patients were followed up for next 6 months to determine the changes in the CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts and oral lesions. Results: HIV-related oral lesions were found to be more prevalent in the age group of 31-40 years, with a relatively high frequency of occurrence in male patients. The CD4 + T-lymphocyte count was significantly increased after the administration of ART when compared to that before the administration of ART in all the patients. However, the lesions did not subside completely even after the increase in of CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts. Interpretation and Conclusion: The difference in the prevalence of oral manifestations may be the result of variations in data of the study population such as race, socioeconomic status, sex, drug therapy, genetics, oral habits, and degree of immune suppression and variation in diagnostic criteria.