Evaluation of oral health in different types of diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional retrospective study

Abstract

ObjectiveIt was aimed to compare the relationship between oral health and two types of diabetes mellitus (DM) using laboratory findings and oral health parameters. Material and methodThis retrospective study was conducted between 2021 and 2022. Type-I and Type-II diabetic patients who had laboratory findings and panoramic radiograph taken on the same day was included to the study. HbA1c, glucose, urea, LDL, HDL, AST, ALT, triglyceride, creatinine, positive and negative microalbuminuria levels on laboratory tests and, the number of root canal treated, missing, filled and decayed tooth on the panoramic radiograph were recorded. The obtained data were compared statistically to evaluate the association between diabetes type and oral health. ResultsA total of 101 patients, 51.5 % (n = 52) with Type-I diabetes and 49.5 % (n = 49) with Type-II diabetes, were included. The number of males (53.8 %) in Type-I DM group and the number of females (67.3 %) in Type-II DM group were statistically higher. The mean age of Type-II diabetic patients was higher than Type-I diabetic patients (p < 0.05). While the average number of teeth with caries per patient in the Type-1 diabetes group was 5, the average number of tooth loss per patient in the Type 2 group was 9. ConclusionsWhile Type-I diabetes could be a predisposing factor for dental caries, Type-II diabetes could be a predisposing factor for tooth loss.