Abstract
Today, the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil due to its renewability, low cost of production and also low pollution become more popular. In this research, the factors affecting the production of biodiesel by trans-esterification method from waste cooking oil were evaluated. For this purpose, a batch reactor which equipped with a mechanical stirrer, was designed and constructed. Waste cooking oil as feedstock and methanol is used with 1:6 molar ratio in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst to 1% by weight of waste cooking oil used. In order to optimize the production process, these three parameters including rate of stirring at 3 levels (450, 550 and 650 rpm), temperature at four levels (40, 50, 60 and 70 °C) and reaction time at 6 levels (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min) were considered. The results indicated, more than 90% of ester conversion occurred in the first 30 minutes and biodiesel production increased and reached its maximum amount at stirring speed of 650 rpm and also the highest rate of esters conversion occurred at 60 ?. Thus, 60 °C for reaction temperature and 650 rpm for stirring speed at 30 min are optimum production condition in order to reach the most amount of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using a batch stirred tank reactor.
Highlights
Biodiesel fuel properties according to ASTM standard and measured values are provided in Table (1)
The results suggest that the interaction between the stirring speed and reaction time (V × t), the conversion efficiency of biodiesel at 1% level is significant
The results showed that biodiesel conversion efficiency gradually increased from 43.3% to95.3% in the reaction time of 10 to 30 minutes
Summary
The device is designed for a capacity of 30 liters of liquid in the tank. Reaction and leaching tanks were built separately; heating system parts includes (1000-watt heater, temperature sensors and digital display of temperature) for heating the liquid and keep the temperature at a constant value. Power Transmission system (electric motor (1.5 KW), inverter (hi run model N100 for measuring the rotational speed of the stirrer), Electric pump (0.37 KW) were used for mixing and transport raw materials (reactants) and move products between the tanks. Free fatty acids and water, affected the reaction procedure to saponification, and reduce the quality and quantity of product. After the reaction is finished, liquid divided in two parts, the upper layer is biodiesel and bottom layer is glycerin.
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