Abstract

Offshore pile driving in subsurface soil strata viz., cemented carbonate sands, gypsum (rock), often cause high pile driving stresses near the toe and premature refusal, which raise the questions on pile integrity and pile capacity. Pile monitoring has been used to check for structural damage that may have occurred during either the fabrication stage or the installation stage due to high pile driving stresses, and evaluate pile capacity or static resistance to driving (SRD). CAPWAP computer program is used to estimate the soil resistance distribution over pile’s shaft and toe and the in-pile dynamic stresses along the pile induced during driving using force-velocity versus time signature recorded on pile driving analyzer (PDA). For the non-monitored pile, which is met with premature refusal, the hindcast of soil model for pile capacity estimation is done using GRLWEAP computer program, and the CAPWAP results of the near-by monitored pile. The SRD during continuous pile driving, at offshore sites in the Middle East, is found to be as high as static capacity at shallow penetrations (up to about 35 m below seabed) and 50% of static capacity at about 60 m penetration below the seabed. The soils would then fully setup and offer an SRD as high as static capacity during restrike test conducted within 12–24 h after the end of continuous driving—a phenomenon usually not expected for offshore sites in Southeast Asia and South Asia. This paper presents the case studies that involved evaluation of pile integrity, pile capacity, and static resistance to driving (SRD) for piles installed at sites in offshore Southeast Asia and the Middle East.

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