Abstract
Background: low back pain is one of the most common public health problems and of the most common musculoskeletal complaint. Many risk factors have been considered for developing low back pain include smoking, obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
 Aim of study: To evaluate smoking, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle associations with low back pain in young adults aged (18 – 39 years).
 Methods: a comparative cross sectional study for young adults aged 18 – 39 years, participants with low back pain as a symptom constitutes the first group, others free of this symptom considered as the control group. Age and gender matched in both groups. Smoking, obesity and sedentary life style variables collected and analyzed statistically using odd ratio and chi-square
 Results: One hundred patients were enrolled in the study after 12 patients being removed due to our exclusion criteria. 45 patients were with low back pain, 2:1 male to female ratio, For LBP group; data show 30:15 obese to none obese ratio, 23:22 smokers to none smoker ratio, and ratio of 35:10 with sedentary lifestyle compared to active one. While in the control group, data show 22:33 obese to none obese ratio, 16:39 smokers to none smoker ratio, and ratio of 23:32 with sedentary lifestyle compared to active one. Using Chi-square test, the P- value was of 0.0079, 0.025 and 0.0003 for obesity, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle, respectively. The odds ratio was 3, 2.55 and 4.86 for obesity, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle, respectively. All above results were statistically significant.
 Conclusion: Each of smoking, obesity and sedentary lifestyle is statistically correlated with low back pain in young adults' age group.
Highlights
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common public health problems all over the world
Aim of our study is to find the relation of obesity, smoking and sedentary life style as risk factors to low back pain in young adults aged (18-39 years)
Male to female ratio was 2:1. 45 patients were suffering of chronic LBP as a symptom constituting the first group (LBP group); other 55 patients were free of LBP considered as the control group
Summary
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common public health problems all over the world. Many risk factors have been considered for developing LBP [8].The most frequently reported risk factors is heavy physical workload such as lifting, incorrect posture, lack of physical exercise, sedentary lifestyle and smoking [1] Smoking identified as the major health hazard associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is a leading cause of cancer of the lung, oral cavity, larynx, and bladder. Smokers are at greater risk to develop coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular accidents, and atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. [9] Several study correlate smoking with intervertebral degenerative disc disease, as smoking results in imbalance in anabolic and catabolic activity with the disc in addition to its effect on extracellular environment through its effect on nutrients and chemical status, those all will make www. jkmc.uobaghdad.edu.iq 56 Al-Kindy College Medical Journal 2019:15 No.
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