Abstract
We investigated the nutritional composition including proximate, amino acid, vitamin, minerals, and the antioxidant activity of rice (Oryza sativa) pollen grains collected by Apis mellifera bees, to be used as sources for feeding bee colonies and as healthy human food supplements with Quercus acutissima (acorn) and Actinidia arguta pollen grains. Crude protein and fat content were found 15.66% and 5.31%, respectively. Eighteen amino acids from rice pollen were found, including 8 essential amino acids and 10 non-essential amino acids. The predominant amino acids were proline, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine accounting for about 47.7% of total free amino acids. The concentration of vitamin B₃ (niacin) was the highest value, followed by C and B₂ among the detected vitamins. The predominant minerals were potassium (514.45㎎/100g), followed by phosphorus and calcium, whereas sodium (Na), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) were detected as minor elements. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content accounted for 36.09% and 15.67㎍/㎎, respectively.
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