Evaluation of Nutritional Ingredients, Biologically Active Materials, and Pharmacological Activities of Stropharia rugosoannulata Grown under the Bamboo Forest and in the Greenhouse

Lei Wei,Wei Wang,Zhiyao Wang,Yueying Hou,Xia Chang,Yong Zhou,Yuqing Liu,Xiao Li,Xiaoyang Xie,Bingnian Jing,Fatma M El-Demerdash

doi:10.1155/2021/5478227

Abstract

Evaluations of the nutritional ingredients, biologically active materials, and pharmacological activities (antibacterial and antioxidant) of two types of Stropharia rugosoannulata, grown under the bamboo forest and in the greenhouse, respectively, were carried out in this study. The nutritional ingredient tests included moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total carbohydrates, total sugar, mineral elements, vitamins, and amino acids. The biologically active material assays included total flavonoids, total polysaccharides, total triterpenoids, and reducing sugars. In addition, a broth microdilution susceptibility test was performed to evaluate antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activity was measured by ABTS+ radical scavenging, ferric-reducing power, and β-carotene bleaching assays. Results showed that two types of S. rugosoannulata were rich in protein, carbohydrate, fiber, mineral, B-group vitamins, polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and reducing sugars, with low content of fat and low Na/K ratio. Besides, they were effective in antibacterial and antioxidant activities, while S. Rugosoannulata grown under the bamboo forest was better than the greenhouse one in some respects such as higher content of protein, calcium, selenium, nicotinic acid, folic acid, polysaccharides and triterpenoids, and stronger antibacterial and antioxidant activities. They were appropriate for functional food and nutritional supplements, especially bamboo forest.

Highlights

Stropharia rugosoannulata, belonging to the family of Strophariaceae, has a worldwide distribution in northern temperature zones and is edible and can be cultivated for food [1] due to its rich nutrition and pleasant flavor
Two types of S. rugosoannulata were collected under the bamboo forest and in the greenhouse from Bo’ai County in July 2020, abbreviated as BFSR and GHSR, respectively. e district is a warm temperate, continental monsoon climate characterized by hot, rainy summers, and cold and dry winters, with an annual mean temperature of 14.1°C, sunshine time of 2432.6 hours, and precipitation of 597.1 mm, while the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse were kept at about 26°C and 80–90%, respectively. e basic materials included 40% corn stalks, 30% corncobs, 20% rice husks, and 10% sawdust, which formed a mixture. eir moisture content was maintained at 70–75% and pH at 6–6.5 when paved. e identification was confirmed by Prof
Levels of the nutritional ingredients and biologically active materials were determined in BFSR and GHSR with an aim to identify whether S. rugosoannulata grown under the bamboo forest has more health-promoting nutrients than cultivated one in the greenhouse

Summary

Introduction

Stropharia rugosoannulata, belonging to the family of Strophariaceae, has a worldwide distribution in northern temperature zones and is edible and can be cultivated for food [1] due to its rich nutrition and pleasant flavor. It is one of the top ten mushrooms internationally traded and recommended to developing countries by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization [2, 3]. It has some important pharmacological activities such as antitumor, antioxidative, and antihyperglycemic effects and has preventative effects on coronary heart diseases [4, 5]. S. rugosoannulata has been cultivated under the forest in several Chinese provinces, including Shandong, Fujian, Yunnan, and Henan [9, 10].

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