Abstract

BACKGROUND In 2016, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a federal rule to improve quality and infection control in the nursing home population. Through a phased rollout of requirements, nursing homes must now have an infection control and prevention (ICP) program incorporating antibiotic stewardship policies and a trained infection preventionist (IP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the infection control program changes made by nursing homes in response to these requirements. METHODS Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in nursing homes, the first in 2013-2014 (n=988) and the second in 2017-2018 (n=892). Directors of Nursing were asked about ICP program characteristics, IP training, and workforce stability. Chi-squared tests were used to determine whether there were significant differences between baseline and post-CMS rule in ICP programs. RESULTS We found significant improvements in the proportion of nursing homes who had antibiotic stewardship policies from 2013 to 2018 (80% to 99%, p CONCLUSIONS Nursing homes are rapidly improving their infection control programs in line with CMS requirements. Once CMS rule is fully implemented, it will be critical to evaluate if these changes impact infection and antibiotic usage rates in nursing homes.

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