Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different NPK doses on the yield components of papaya hybrid ‘Caliman 01’. The experiment was carried at the company WG Fruticultura, located in the Chapada do Apodi region. Five nitrogen doses (94, 590, 837, 1088 and 1575 kg N ha-1), five phosphorus doses (10, 72, 96, 133 and 195 kg P2O5 ha-1) and five potassium doses (75, 527, 752, 978 and 1429 kg K2O ha-1), were combined according to the experimental matrix Pan Puebla II, in 16 combinations and distributed in a randomized block design, with five repetitions. The plots consisted of six papaya plants and the four central plants were evaluated. The fertilizers urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride were used as NPK sources, respectively. The doses of N and K were split into 30 applications, one every two weeks. Phosphorus doses were split into two applications, the first at 75 days after transplantation (DAT) and the second one at 150 DAT. Fruit production was evaluated during eight months. The best results were obtained for NPK doses of 1088, 72 and 527 kg ha-1, respectively. Increasing N doses linearly increased the number of fruits per plant and yield, while increasing P and K doses reduced yield by a quadratic and linear model, respectively. The combination of NPK doses 590-72-75 kg ha-1 provided the best economic results with the highest rate of return for papaya production.
Highlights
Brazil presents excellent climatic conditions for the cultivation of papaya
The objective of this work was to study the effects of fertilization with different doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield components of papaya hybrid ‘Caliman01’, in order to determine the doses with maximum economic return and improve the sustainability of the crop fertilization
Urea and KCl doses were split in 30 applications, applied every two weeks, with the following distribution along the crop cycle: 83% of the urea and 30% of KCl doses were applied in the vegetative stage (15-120 days after transplantation (DAT)), 17% of the urea and 70% of KCl doses were applied in the flowering and fruit set stage (120-300 DAT)
Summary
Brazil presents excellent climatic conditions for the cultivation of papaya. In 2016, Brazil produced 1.4 million tons in 30,372 hectares. In an experiment with nitrogen doses of 210, 428.4 and 642 kg ha-1 year-1 and constant doses of 85.7 kg ha-1of P2O5 and 428.4 kg ha-1 of K O, Marinho et al (2001) observed statistical differences in yield and number of fruits per plant. Potassium is the most required nutrient by papaya and it is absorbed at a continuous and increasing rate along the plant cycle, with particular importance during the flowering and fruit set stage (OLIVEIRA et al, 2004). Testing different doses of K O in papaya, Nascimento et al (2009) observed an increase of 36.45% in the number of fruits per plant between the minimum and the maximum rate tested. The objective of this work was to study the effects of fertilization with different doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield components of papaya hybrid ‘Caliman01’, in order to determine the doses with maximum economic return and improve the sustainability of the crop fertilization
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