Evaluation of non-vascular mediastinal masses in infants and children: an evidence-based practical approach

Abstract

The mediastinum is the most common location of nonvascular chest masses in infants and children. For evaluation of non-vascular mediastinal masses in infants and children, imaging plays an important role in early, correct diagnosis and optimal patient management. Therefore, a practical imaging approach based on the most sensitive and least invasive imaging modality in an efficient and cost-effective way is paramount. The objective of this presentation is to review the use of currently available imaging modalities (chest radiographs, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography) in evaluating non-vascular mediastinal masses in infants and children. The emphasis is on an evidence-based practical diagnostic imaging approach.