Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) wastes produced by Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. fed Azolla, an aquatic atmospheric nitrogen fixing fern, was evaluated for 90 days in pond experiment. Six isonitrogenous (29.2% crude protein) and isoenergetic (16.9 Kj·g–1) diets A0, A10, A20, A30, A40 and A50, containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of Azolla meal (AM) respectively, as partial fishmeal (FM) substitutes, was provided to experimental fish. The Azolla-free diet A0 served as a control. Fish specific growth rate (SGR) was higher with the control diet, the lower values being obtained in A50-fed fish (P Azolla could be used in diet to sustain Nile tilapia growth and as “environmentally-friendly” ingredient to limit P loss, while providing N to the field, beneficially in tropical marshland pond where this nutrient is already limiting.
Highlights
One of the major problems currently facing aquaculture industry is the projected increase in production in order to meet the worldwide demand for fish
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) wastes produced by Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. fed Azolla, an aquatic atmospheric nitrogen fixing fern, was evaluated for 90 days in pond experiment
Fish specific growth rate decreased from fish fed the control diet to those fed A50 (P < 0.05), values ranging from 2.35 ± 0.04 %day–1 to 1.87 ± 0.06 %day–1
Summary
One of the major problems currently facing aquaculture industry is the projected increase in production in order to meet the worldwide demand for fish. Beside from this challenge, aquaculture productions are faced with the need to resolve another problem that constrains its sustainability. Thereby, environmental pollution associated with aquaculture becomes another critical issue for sustainability and future expansion of this activity [2] In aquaculture, both P and N originate mainly from fish feeds [3] due to their high amounts in fishmeal (FM) that is rich in P [4,5]. Several studies have reported that the high P of fish meal-based diets is not well util-
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