Abstract
The transformations of carbohydrates into the platform substances such as furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), lactic acid, etc. are actual environment-friendly processes. Herein, glucose transformation in an aqueous medium (10 wt.%) at 160 °C over synthesized nickel modified zeolites Y, M and ZSM-5 has been studied. The catalysts have been characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy, pyridine adsorption with IR-spectroscopic control, ammonia TPD, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and TEM. Utilizing HPLC, GC and 13C NMR the reaction products were identified. The 5-HMF molar yields over 5NiHY, 5NiHZSM-5, and 5NiHM were 8.5, 14, and 16%, respectively. Glucose conversion was practically quantitative. To investigate deactivated samples, FTIR and DTA/TG techniques have been used. The 5NiHM and 5NiHZSM-5 catalysts have showed a twice-lower weight of deposits (10 wt.%) than 5NiHY with the biggest total acidity. Bifunctional Lewis/Bronsted acid zeolite catalysts with Lewis acidity predominance demonstrate better performance in glucose transformation. The balance between acidity of the catalyst and textural properties is stated to play a key role in the transformation of glucose into 5-HMF. Nickel-containing zeolite ZSM-5 and M can be considered as promising catalysts for glucose conversion. Perspective trends in related research are provided.
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