Abstract
BackgroundThe complementary and alternative medicines have particular importance in treating various comorbid conditions including anxiety and depression which prevalence will be raised to the second highest risk of morbidity, triggering a noteworthy socioeconomic burden. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Psidium guajava Linn (EEPG) was investigated to evaluate the anxiolytic and anti-depressant activity into two different doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of body weight) on Swiss Albino male mice utilizing experimental paradigms of anxiety and depression. The extract was also subjected to phytochemical screening.ResultsPhytochemicals screening showed the presence of numerous types of active constituents in extract, for example, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids. The experimental results revealed that in case of anxiolytic activity tests, a statistical significant (p < 0.05 vs group I) effect is observed in EPMT model, hole cross model, light and dark model in both doses, whereas in hole-board model, marble burying model tests, a statistical considerable effect is observed only at the dose of 400 mg/kg although at the dose of 200 mg/kg, anxiolytic effect is also expressed and in case of anti-depressant activity test, the statistical significant effect is observed only at the dose of 400 mg/kg. All the results are comparable with the effect of standard drugs used.ConclusionsTaken together, the present research work evidences the anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects of EEPG, but further investigation needed to find out the underlying mechanism of action and to isolate and purify the specific components that are responsible for aforementioned activities.
Highlights
The complementary and alternative medicines have particular importance in treating various comorbid conditions including anxiety and depression which prevalence will be raised to the second highest risk of morbidity, triggering a noteworthy socioeconomic burden
There are several types of pharmacological models employing in the estimation of medicinal plants for neuropharmacological activities headed for the identification of botanicals and drugs with beneficial effects in the treatment of diverse central nervous system (CNS) ailments
Effect of Psidium guajava Linn leaves extract on elevated plus maze test As shown in Table 2, a statistically significant effect on increase in the time spent in open arms was observed for both doses (p < 0.05 for 200 mg/kg dose and p < 0.001for 400 mg/kg dose) compared with group I (183.20 ± 2.60 s), whereas the effect was more at the dose of 400 mg/kg (219.80 ± 1.02 s) than at the dose of 200 mg/kg (194.40 ± 3.40 s)
Summary
The complementary and alternative medicines have particular importance in treating various comorbid conditions including anxiety and depression which prevalence will be raised to the second highest risk of morbidity, triggering a noteworthy socioeconomic burden. The interpretation regarding comorbidity of these ailments is predominantly given by a shared genetic vulnerability to both diseases, or by Biswas et al Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2021) 7:36 showing their pharmacological effectiveness in the variety of animal models of psychiatric disorders and are being used as complementary and alternative medicines for the management of these ailments [3]. These medicinally valued plants are important elements of traditional medicine in virtually all nations. The plant possesses several pharmacological activities such as anti-stress, antidiabetic, anti-microbial, depressant, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and anticancer activities [7,8,9]
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