Abstract
Methanol and chloroform:methanol (9:1) extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed kernels and green leaves were evaluated against American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). Various concentrations of extracts were used to treat natural foods, viz. leaves and pods/bolls of chickpea, pigeonpea, and cotton. Treated foods were offered to early stage (neonate) and advanced stage (grown up) larvae of H. armigera for 48 h, and then, untreated food was offered for the rest of life. Chloroform:methanol (9:1) extracts of neem seed kernels and leaves showed better insecticidal properties than methanol extracts. However, neem seed kernels extract in chloroform:methanol (9:1) was the most promising in causing adverse morphogenic effects on various biological parameters of H. armigera. Early stage larvae were more sensitive to the exposure of neem extracts than advanced stage larvae. Keywords: Neem; seed kernels; chloroform:methanol; biology; Helicoverpa armigera
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