Evaluation of near point of convergence and amplitude of accommodation after treatment of malaria with artemether-lumefantrine

To assess eye movements and binocular function in 14-year-olds with very low birthweight (VLBW: birthweight </= 1500 g) and 14-year-olds born at term but small for gestational age (SGA: birthweight < 10th percentile) in a population-based study. Ophthalmological examinations including measurements of heterophoria/tropia, near point of convergence, accommodative amplitude, stereopsis, nystagmus, saccades and smooth pursuit were performed in 51 adolescents with VLBW, 58 adolescents born SGA and in a control group consisting of 75 subjects of the same age. Latent or manifest strabismus, poor stereopsis, poor convergence and nystagmus were all more frequent in the VLBW group than in the control group. The VLBW group did not differ from the control group regarding accommodative amplitude or saccades and smooth pursuit. The SGA population did not differ from the control group in the measured variables. Premature birth with VLBW affects binocular visual functions negatively in adolescence, whereas birth small for date at term does not appear to be a risk factor for impaired eye movements and binocular function.

Introduction: Learning problems influencing the social and psychological development of children may result from poor visual acuity (VA), insufficient amplitude of accommodation and receded near point of convergence (NPC). This study assessed Grade 4 and 5 academic achievement (&lt; 50%, 51-69% and ≥ 70%) in relation to visual acuity, amplitude of accommodation and NPC. The study attempts to determine the association between these visual functions and academic performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study included a randomised sample of learners (n = 199) selected from five public schools in Bloemfontein. Information was obtained on each participant regarding history, visual acuity (distance and near), amplitude of accommodation and NPC (subjective and objective). Participant aggregates for the most recent school term and the grade average were compared to measures of these visual functions.Results: The children’s median age was 10.3 years (with range 8.7 to 12.7 years) and 53.8% were female. More than 50% of children were Sesotho-speaking. Complaints revealed by his-tory-taking were mostly headaches (57.8%) and eyestrain (58.3%). Regarding academic achievement, 18.6% of the learners were below average, 53.8% on average and 27.6% above average. Of the learners tested, 42.2% achieved a VA of 6/6 or better on both distance and near visual acuity. Amplitude of accommodation was less than the minimum requirements in 17.6% of participants. Approximately 30% of those below grade average did not meet the minimum requirements for amplitude of accommodation, compared to 13% of learners above grade average, which was statistically significant. More than 70% had a receded break point (&gt; 5 cm) for NPC and 85.7% had a receded recovery point (&gt; 7 cm).Conclusion: Of the three visual functions evaluated in this study, the only visual function associated with academic achievement was amplitude of accommodation. It would thus be recommended that learners are screened for optimal visual function earlier in life if especially the amplitude of accommodation is receded.

Dear Editor, Fasting during Ramadan month is an Islamic obligation which may have side effects on vision of fasting Muslims. Previous studies showed that there was no relationship between Islamic fasting and myopia[1][2][3][4] and changes in intraocular pressure due to fasting in healthy person were not considerable.[5][6] In this month, an increased need for visual tasks such as studying Holy Quran, changes in food habits and metabolic conditions necessitate investigations on possible visual changes during this month. Since researches on direct impact of Islamic fasting on vision are few and not conclusive, this study evaluates the amplitude of accommodation (AA), near point of convergence (NPC), positive and negative fusional vergences (PFV and NFV, respectively) of Islamic fasting during Ramadan month.[7] In our cross sectional study, AA, NPC, PFV and NFV of 30 male students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were measured during three days before Ramadan month, the middle three days and the three days after this month. Examination time before and after Ramadan was during breakfast and lunch time and from lunch to dinner time while in Ramadan, it was in mid-time between dawn and breakfast meals. To consider nutritional status of subjects over one week before each visit, the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was completed. The mean age and average fasting experience were 23.9 and 10 years, respectively. As seen in Table 1, according to paired t test analysis, AA reduced and NPC increased significantly in Ramadan than before (p<0.01); but there was no significant difference between their values before and after Ramadan. Despite the statistical significance of AA reduction, a change of at least 1.50 D is needed to be considered a significant variation on repeated measurements of accommodative amplitude; smaller changes were accepted as expected variations.[8] On the other hand during Ramadan, the mean AA of the right and left eyes was more than the minimum expected, based on Hoffstetter formula.[9] Thus, despite the reduction of monocular AA during Ramadan, yet its value was within normal range in these young and visually normal subjects. Regarding mean NPC in Ramadan, a range of 8-15 cm was considered normal in some researches.[10][11] As NPC value greater than 10 cm was a diagnostic criteria for convergence insufficiency,[12] it seems that despite the increase in NPC value during Ramadan, this is not clinically significant. Moreover, nutritional pattern analysis showed no significant difference in most nutrient groups before, during and after Ramadan; and significant differences observed in protein and sugar groups had no significant correlation with AA and NPC variations during Ramadan. By reviewing different investigations on Ramadan and Islamic fasting,[13][14][15][16][17] it seems that psychological factors and variations in biological time play a causative role in reduction of AA and increase in NPC in this month. Table 1 Mean±SD of AA, NPC and distant NFV before, during and after Ramadan. Although no significant variations were observed in PFV values at far and near and NFV values at near (Repeated measure ANOVA, p>0.05), but NFV values at far significantly reduced during Ramadan than before (Paired t test, p<0.001) and this reduction was not compensated after Ramadan too. As NFV measurements had better repeatability than PFV at both near and distance,[18] therefore the reduction of NFV observed in Ramadan was significant. However, NFV was not needed at far in this sample, as none of the subjects had distance esophoria. Since NFV has a little role in maintaining fusion at distance, it seems that the mechanism to compensate its reduction in Ramadan occurs weakly. In conclusion, our results showed a considerable increase in NPC value and a significant decrease in AA and distant NFV during Ramadan than before; however the changes were compensated after Ramadan except for NFV at far. Although these changes were not clinically considerable in the young and normal subjects, but in other age groups with larger sample sizes and in individuals with nonstrabismic visual disorders might have clinical impacts. So it is recommended that proper accommodative and convergence trainings are advised by optometrists to Islamic fasters during Ramadan month to prevent these variations. More researches in this field seem necessary.

Caffeine is widely consumed in kola nuts and in other products in Sub-Saharan Africa. We examined the acute effect of caffeine on the amplitude of accommodation and near point of convergence of healthy Nigerians. Forty volunteers between ages of 20 and 27 years with refractive power± 0.50 DS were employed. Amplitude of accommodation (AMP) and Near point of convergence (NPC) were measured at 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the ingestion of coffee by two groups of participants, namely the experimental (caffeinated coffee) and control (decaffeinated coffee) groups. The result showed that ingested caffeine increases mean AMP by almost 2.00D within 30 minutes, and the elevation, though variable across patients is sustained for several minutes. The NPC and AMP in the decaffeinated coffee was statically insignificant (P>0.05) within the 0-90minutes of ingestion. However, there was a significant increase in the AMP of the experimental group (P< 0.05). The result suggests that further studies would be most desirable with the older and larger population. Keywords: Caffeine, amplitude of accommodation, near point of convergenceWest African Journal of Pharmacology and Drug Research Vol. 22/23 2007: pp. 27-30

Objective To study the long-term effectiveness of vision therapy for children who were cured after treatment for convergence insufficiency (CI) by assessing the symptoms and signs. Methods Forty patients aged 7 to 18 years who were asymptomatic after a 12-week therapy program for CI in optometric center of Tianjin Eye Hospital were recruited in this prospective study. These patients were followed up at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after completion of the 12-week office-based visual therapy and were examined for clinical symptom scores (CISS) and visual function parameters that near point of convergence (NPC), near positive fusional vergence (PFV) and accommodative amplitude (AA). The results were analyzed with repeated ANOVA, pearson correlation analysis and independent-samples t-tests. Results The percentage who remained asymptomatic with no clinical signs after 3 months and 6 months was 85%(34/40) and 68%(26/38), respectively. There were no significant changes in the CISS, NPC or near PFV during the half-year follow-up period (F=2.852,1.995, 3.006, P>0.05). But there were significant differences in the NPC, CISS and AA before 12-week therapy program between the patients who had symptoms or clinical signs and those who were normal (Z=-3.212, P<0.01; Z=-2.461, P<0.05; t=2.264, P<0.05). NPC, CISS and AA before 12-week therapy program showed a significant correlation to CISS at 6 months after treatment (r=0.420, P<0.01; r=0.473, P<0.01; r=-0.361, P<0.05). Conclusion Most children who were cured after a 12-week office-based vision therapy program for CI maintained their improvements in symptoms and signs for at least half a year after discontinuing treatment. This may be related to the near NPC and CISS as well as the AA. Key words: Symptomatic convergence insufficiency; Office-based vision therapy; Treatment outcome; Near point convergence (NPC)

Clinicians measure the near point of convergence (NPC) and the amplitude of accommodation (AA) from the spectacle plane, the bridge of the nose or the lateral canthus when assessing visual function. These values are compared to standard clinical criteria to diagnose vergence and accommodation deficits, despite varying reference points. This prospective study explored measuring relative to the spectacle plane and from the lateral canthus for NPC and monocular AA, and the resulting clinical implications of diagnosing visual deficits. Participants were seen by a single clinician for an eye examination. NPC was measured from the forehead and the lateral canthus of the right eye. Monocular AA was measured from the brow and the lateral canthus. Differences between measurements were analysed using non-parametric statistical tests including Wilcoxon Signed Rank, as well as linear regression and a linear mixed effects model to adjust for inter-eye correlation and repeated measures. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences in rates of abnormal findings. Data were collected from 70 participants (53% female, median age 13 [11-15] years). On average, measuring NPC from the lateral canthus yielded a value 1.8 cm higher than measuring from the forehead. Measuring AA from the lateral canthus resulted in an average difference of 1.5 cm compared to measuring from the brow. A total of 39% and 76% of subjects failed NPC compared to clinical norms when measured from the forehead or the lateral canthus, respectively, while 7% and 40% failed AA when measured from the brow or the lateral canthus, respectively. With the variable anatomy of the eye, it is imperative to account for the measurement point when assessing visual function. Measuring from the lateral canthus greatly increased the failure rates for NPC and AA compared with measuring from the forehead and brow, respectively.

Background:Measurement of for near point of convergence (NPC), amplitude of accommodation (AA) and phoria are important components of diagnosing nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies. There is a huge variation in the normative data established for orthoptic parameters because of the variation in measurement technique. There are only limited studies for normative data based on nonclinical population in Indian population. Therefore, we aim estimate the normative values for NPC, AA, and phoria measurement in Indian population using techniques, which has good repeatability and reliability.Materials and Methods:Subjects between the age group 10-35 years participated in this prospective cross-sectional study. A self-administered symptom questionnaire was used to exclude patients with asthenopic symptoms. Clinical techniques which have good repeatability and reliability were used. NPC was measured using pen light red, green glass test. AA was measured using minus lens technique. Horizontal and vertical phoria at distance and near was measured using modified Thorington method.Results:One hundred and fifty subjects participated in the study. We found that NPC receded with age, which could because of the increase in horizontal phoria at near with age. The mean normative value for objective NPC, break and recovery of subjective NPC, monocular and binocular AA, horizontal and vertical phoria at distance and near for the three age groups are reported in the study.Conclusion:The data presented in this study can be used as a cut-off by eye care practitioners while diagnosing convergence, accommodation related anomalies in Indian population.

AIM: To analyse visual modifications such as amplitude of accommodation, near point of convergence (NPC) reopsis and near phoria associated with asthenopic symptoms after 3D viewing at varying distances. METHODS: A prospective study. Thirty young adults were randomly selected. Each individual was exposed to 3D viewing thrice in a day for a fixed distance and the distance was varied on three consecutive days. Same video of equal duration and different screen sizes were used for every distance. Cyclic 3D mode of K-multimedia player was used for projecting the 3D video. Different variables like stereopsis, amplitude of accommodation, near point of accommodation, near phoria and asthenopic symptoms were recorded immediately after 3D video viewing. Stereopsis was measured with “Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek” or “Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research” (TNO test), amplitude of accommodation and NPC were measured using Royal Air Force (RAF) ruler, near phoria was measured using prism bar and a closed ended sample questionnaire was used to know the occurrence of asthenopic symptoms. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test etc. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: For every distance of 40 cm, 3 m and 6 m, amplitude of accommodation was significantly reduced by 0.66 D, 1.12 D and 1.44 D. NPC got significantly receded by 0.63 cm, 0.93 cm and 1.23 cm, and the near phoria was significantly increased by 0.87, and 2.2 prism dioptres (PD) base-in respectively. It was found that most of the subjects got pain around the eyes; headache and irritation for each viewing distance. This study also revealed that 3D video viewing in theaters may increase the symptoms of headache, watering and irritation. Symptoms like headache, watering, fatigue, irritation and nausea may increase considerably at home environment and symptoms such as headache and watering may cause significant discomfort by 3D viewing using a laptop. CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in amplitude of accommodation, NPC, near phoria and asthenopic symptoms before and after viewing a 3D video and also at three viewing distances. There was a predominant occurrence of asthenopic symptoms after 3D video viewing at different distances.

Background Visual skills are crucial for peak athletic performance, with Visual Accommodation (VA) playing a vital role. However, the immediate effects of interventions on VA in sports remain unclear. Objective To investigate the acute effects of a 10-minute Pencil Push-Up (PPU) exercise on VA skills in amateur badminton players. Methods A two-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted with twenty-eight amateur badminton players. Participants were matched by age, duration, and frequency of badminton practice, as well as visual health, and randomly assigned to either a Trained Group (TG) or an untrained group (NT). The TG performed a 10-minute PPU exercise, while the NT rested with closed eyes for the same duration. VA parameters, including Amplitude of Accommodation (AA), Accommodative Facility (AF), and Near Point of Convergence (NPC), were assessed before and after the intervention. Results Significant improvements in AA and AF were observed in the TG from pre- to post-intervention (AA: p &lt; .0001, Cohen's d = 1.68; AF: p &lt; .0001, Cohen's d = 3.10). However, no significant changes were observed in NPC (p= .45, Cohen's d =0.60). Furthermore, the TG exhibited greater improvements in AA and AF compared to the NT at post-intervention (AA: 95%CI= [-2.812 to -0.2314], p = .02; AF: 95%CI= [-8.363 to -3.680], p &lt; .0001). No changes were observed in the NT group. Conclusion A single session of pencil push-up exercise acutely enhanced visual accommodation skills, specifically amplitude of accommodation and accommodative facility, in amateur badminton players. This suggests that visual accommodation training methods like pencil push-ups could improve visual performance in sports. Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20240531002 (https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20240531002).

Background: Pre-presbyopes may suffer from ocular symptoms such as asthenopia of near work.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate near points of convergence, amplitudes of accommodation, and fusional vergence among pre-presbyopes with asthenopia symptoms.Setting: The study was conducted at El-Walidain Eye Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan in 2022.Methods: The study was a hospital-based prospective, including 107 pre-presbyopes aged 35–40 years who complained of asthenopia symptoms. Clinical examinations included an assessment of amplitude of accommodation, near point of convergence and fusional vergence.Results: The findings showed receded in near points of convergence and a decrease in the accommodation was highly significantly associated with increased age among emerging presbyopes with asthenopia symptoms (p = 0.0001). Conversely, positive and negative fusional vergence amplitudes were not significantly correlated with age with p = 0.109 and p = 0.355, respectively. Positive and negative fusional amplitudes were not significantly different between males and females (p ˃ 0.05). Esophoria was more common in pre-presbyopia 62 (57.4%) and exophoria 45 (43.6) with p = 0.503.Conclusion: The pre-presbyopes presented with low accommodation amplitude and receded near point of convergence, but without significant changes in positive and negative fusional vergence amplitudes.Contribution: This study added by demonstrating how early presbyopia altered accommodation amplitude and near point of convergence significantly while having no significant impact on amplitudes of positive and negative fusional vergence.

In stereoscopic extended reality headsets, the distance between optical systems composed of a pair of displays and lenses can be fixed or adjustable. A mismatch between interpupillary distance (IPD) and the distance between optical systems may cause user discomfort and distortions in spatial perception. Nevertheless, little is known about its potential effect on vergence and accommodation. In the study, we explored how visual parameters changed after using the virtual reality headset with a fixed distance between optical systems using routine eye examination tests. Sixty-two subjects (18-33 years of age) were divided into two groups based on the IPD mismatch: 0-5 mm (n = 29) and 6-10 mm (n = 33). Their visual parameters including near point of convergence, amplitude of accommodation, binocular accommodative facility, near horizontal phoria, and fusional reserves were assessed before and after playing 30 minutes of the virtual reality mini-golf game. The data showed considerable changes in the amplitude of accommodation and near point of convergence after the use of virtual reality. Moreover, the prevalence of adverse changes in accommodation and vergence was higher when IPD was mismatched by 6-10 mm compared with the smaller off-alignment. Overall, the findings suggest that the distance between the optical systems in the headsets should be adjustable and matched with the distance between the user’s eyes to lower the demands on the visual system. Moreover, the contribution of IPD mismatch needs to be considered in the user studies investigating the impact of stereoscopic extended reality on the visual system.

ObjectiveOculomotor deficits in vergence and accommodation can arise in paediatric patients with persistent concussion symptoms, although the profile is not well established. This study aimed to describe the frequency of these deficits in persistently symptomatic concussed paediatric patients and identify effective screening tools.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study conducted at three clinical sites across the United States. Participants aged 8–18 years with diagnosed concussion were recruited within 9 months of injury through concussion clinics or referral to a vision provider. Participants without concussion were recruited through the local community and eye clinics. Clinical measures of ocular alignment, vergence and accommodation were collected. Group comparisons were assessed using Welch's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni correction. The diagnostic value of near point of convergence (NPC) and accommodative amplitude (AA) for identifying persistently symptomatic concussed participants was evaluated using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsSeventy‐one participants were recruited, including 34 concussed participants (mean age 14.3 [SD 2.4] years; 74% female, 26% male; median time since concussion 107 [IQR 80–118] days) and 32 controls (mean age, 12.7 [SD 2.1] years; 56% female, 44% male). Concussed participants scored significantly worse or had higher failure rates than controls on all vergence and accommodative tests (p < 0.05) except ocular alignment and monocular accommodative facility. Concussed participants had a higher frequency of diagnoses (vergence: 62% vs. 3%; accommodation: 76% vs. 3%; p < 0.001). NPC and AA were significant predictors for concussion in individual models (NPC: OR = 2.16 [95% CI: 1.52–3.61], p < 0.001, mean AUC [SD] = 0.88 [0.13]; AA: OR = 0.46 [95% CI: 0.29–0.64], p < 0.001, mean AUC [SD] = 0.88 [0.15]).ConclusionThe oculomotor profile of persistently symptomatic concussed paediatric participants shows a high frequency of vergence and accommodative deficits, for which NPC and AA are effective screening tools. Further investigation should examine oculomotor deficits in acutely concussed paediatric patients.

Background: Accommodation is the process by which the eye adjusts its lens to maintain a clear focus on objects at varying distances, primarily controlled by the ciliary muscle. Accommodative dysfunction, particularly accommodative infacility, impairs this ability, leading to symptoms such as blurred vision, eye strain, headaches, and difficulty with reading and other near-vision tasks. Managing this condition is crucial for improving visual comfort and function. Plus lens addition and vision therapy are two widely used treatment approaches, yet their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of plus lens addition versus vision therapy in managing accommodative infacility. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Ophthalmology Eye Outpatient Department of Al Rehman Hospital and Dar ul Shifa Eye Hospital, Lahore, over six months following ethical approval. A total of 38 participants, aged 15 to 35 years, with newly diagnosed accommodative infacility, were randomly assigned into two equal groups: plus lens addition (n = 19) and vision therapy (n = 19). Comprehensive baseline assessments included visual acuity, near point of accommodation (NPA), near point of convergence (NPC), amplitude of accommodation (AA), negative relative accommodation (NRA), positive relative accommodation (PRA), monocular fixation (MF), and binocular fixation (BF). Each treatment was administered for six weeks, followed by post-treatment evaluations using the same standardized instruments. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 27, employing descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and ANOVA. Results: Post-treatment, the vision therapy group exhibited significantly greater improvement in NPA (7.8 ± X vs. 10.5 ± X, p &lt; 0.001), AA (10.1 ± X vs. 8.9 ± X, p &lt; 0.001), PRA (-3.0 ± X vs. -2.7 ± X, p = 0.002), and NPC (6.862 ± 0.70 vs. 14.09 ± 1.24, p &lt; 0.05) compared to the plus lens group. Both groups showed statistically significant enhancements in all visual function parameters (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: While both plus lens addition and vision therapy were effective in improving accommodative function, vision therapy demonstrated superior outcomes in enhancing accommodation flexibility, convergence, and binocular stability. These findings support the recommendation of vision therapy as a preferred intervention for long-term improvement in accommodative infacility.

The introduction of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has led to a dramatic decrease in Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) related morbidity and mortality in the developed as well as developing world. Whilst HAART has been effective in reducing rapidly progressive retinopathies, there are other ocular manifestations of HIV which are yet to be determined, characterised and addressed. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of HAART on Accommodative-Convergence mechanism among HIV/AIDS patients in Northwestern, Nigeria. This was hospital-based cohort study carried out from April 2019 to November 2019. Participants that met the inclusion criteria were recruited and were separated into two groups A and B. Group A were those about to commence HAART referred to as HAART naive, while group B were subdivided into four groups; comprising of B1: those that had been on HAART for 0 - 2½ years, group B2: >2½ - 5 years, group B3: >5 - 7½ years, and group B4: >7½ - 10 years, termed as HAART experience. Information obtained from the patients included sex, age, marital status, Near Point of Convergence (NPC), Amplitude of Accommodation (AA), Presbyopic reading Addition (ADD), CD4+ T cell count, HAART regimen and duration on HAART therapy. There were 400 participants aged 25 - 55years with a mean age of 37.86 ± 7.5years. The participant's NPC mean was 6.4 ± 1.47cm with a range of 2 - 18cm. Most of the participants 336 (84.0%) had an abnormal Near Point of Convergence compared to 64 (16%) with normal NPC values. The mean AA was 4.18± 1.34DS, ranging from 0.75 to 10.0DS and about 273 (68.2%) of the participant's AA was within 3 to 5DS. The mean presbyopic addition was 1.39± 0.98 DS ranging from 1.00 to 3.50DS whilst majority of the participants, 305 (76.2%) had an abnormal Reading Addition. The study showed that the HIV/AIDS patients on HAART exhibit an abnormally low AA, receded NPC and High presbyopic reading addition as compared to age matched HAART naïve. There was a statistically significant association between AA and HAART (p = 0.002) and HAART duration (p = 0.00), but there was no association with their CD4+ T cell levels and HAART regimen (p = 0.12, p = 0.08). There was no statistically significant association between Abnormal reading addition and HAART (p= 0.46), CD4+4 T cell levels and HAART regimen (p=0.53 and p= 0.59), but there was a statistically significant association with HAART duration (p= 0.00).

Introduction: There are a few researches regarding the effects of Islamic fasting on visual system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on the amplitude of accommodation (AA), near point of convergence (NPC), positive and negative fusional vergences (PFV and NFV, respectively) in visually healthy fasters. Methods: AA, NPC, PFV and NFV at far (6m) and near (40cm) were measured in 30 male students. Nutritional habits in a week before each examination visit were assessed with the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Results: Mean age and fasting average experience were 23.9 and 10 years, respectively. AA and NPC showed significant changes (p<0.05) during Ramadan; but there was no significant difference before and after Ramadan in these parameters. NFV blur, break and recovery points at far significantly reduced in Ramadan than before (p=0.003, p=0.005, p=0.003, respectively) with insignificant compensation after Ramadan. Results showed that there was no significant correlation between changes in diet pattern and AA, NPC and distant NFV variations (p<0.05). Conclusion: Some visual problems may be reported at far and near visual tasks during Ramadan; but most of the problems may be resolved after it. Some visual preparations may be needed for more effective visual activities during Ramadan; essentially for students with intensive visual tasks. Vision therapy may be suggested along with nutrient pattern improvement during Ramadan.