Year-end Sale % OFF 
Abstract
Diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HT) cause changes in cardiac performance. Long-term diabetes and hypertension can lead to changes in cardiac contractility, reduced left ventricular efficiency and heart failure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the coexistence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension on left ventricular myocardial performance and structural changes. The study involved 45 patients with essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes (14 males and 31 females, their mean age was 53.28 ± 13.28 years), and 45 healthy subjects (10 males and 35 females, their mean age was 48.11 ± 13.07 years) as a control group. Transthoracic echocardiography was done for all patients. The echocardiographic measurements included: left ventricle internal diameter at end diastole (LVIDd), left ventricle internal diameter at end systole (LVIDs), peak velocity of early transmitral flow (E), peak velocity of late transmitral flow (A), ejection fraction (EF%), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), isovolumic contraction time (IVCT) and ejection time (ET) from which the index of myocardial performance (IMP) was calculated. Results revealed a significant change in the ratio (E/A) between patients and controls (-32.45%) with p value p value 0.05. In conclusion, diabetic patients with hypertension had an increase in IMP and reduced E/A indicating deterioration in cardiac performance despite normal ejection fraction and insignificant change in LV dimensions.
Highlights
It has been well established that Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events [1]
We have demonstrated that patients with hypertension and diabetes can show changes in index of myocardial performance (IMP), and E/A while their EF% is still within normal
The changes in left ventricle internal diameter at end diastole (LVIDd) and left ventricle internal diameter at end systole (LVIDs) between patients and controls was (4.61%) and (0.75%) respectively with insignificant p values > 0.05 (Table 2)
Summary
It has been well established that Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events [1]. The coexistence of hypertension with diabetes markedly increases the risk and accelerates the course of cardiac disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, retinopathy, and nephropathy [2]. It has been reported that impairment of left ventricular diastolic function can be present even without systolic changes [3]. Diabetes is often associated with arterial hypertension leading to diastolic dysfunction and unfavorable cardiovascular outcome [4]. Echocardiography is widely available, safe, portable, and capable of detecting important changes in many cardiac parameters that occur in heart diseases such as heart failure, or valvular diseases [5]. Doppler echocardiography is the most important clinical tool available for the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction. The use of Doppler echocardiography has become common for noninvasive measurements such as transmital flow velocity, the isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and left atrial pressure [6]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
