Abstract
Legumes are the most important source of food and fodder but due to climatic changes and global warming; crops are consistently exposed to environmental stresses such as low water shortage, high salinity, mineral toxicity and deficiency, extreme temperatures, etc. Drought is undoubtedly the major constraint limiting plant growth and crop productivity worldwide. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of drought on the growth of plant and productivity in three different mungbean varieties [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] i.e. IPM 02-3, RMG 975 and IPM 02-14. The studied varieties exhibited significant variation in plant height, root length, pod length, pods/plant, fresh weight of shoot, root and nodule, dry weight of shoot, root and nodule, number of leaves/plant, plant leaf area, relative leaf water content (RLWC) and initiation day of flowering. The effect of drought can better seen at the flowering stage and pod development stage that ultimately reduces crop productivity. The deleterious effect of drought in terms of morpho-physiological properties studied as above was more prominent in the variety IPM 02-14 in comparison to RMG 975 and IPM 02-3. It can be concluded that varieties IPM 02-3 and RMG 975 are better adapted to drought condition.
Highlights
Legume crops are the vital source to meet our daily nutritional requirement
The following soil properties were determined: Electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil suspension was determined with an EC meter; pH of suspension with soil: water at the ratio of 2:5 (w/v) was measured by using a pH meter; organic carbon was determined by Walkley and Black’s wet oxidation method (1934), nitrogen (N) by Kjeldahl method, phosphorus (P) through molybdate–ascorbic acid procedure, available iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) content determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS)
Molybdenum (Mo) is efficient in nitrogen fixation and a component of nitrate reductase which heips in the production of ammonia (NH3) from inorganic NO3 and its deficiency affects yield and growth of mungbean [30]
Summary
Legume crops are the vital source to meet our daily nutritional requirement. Most of the Indian population is vegetarian in dietary habit and pulses play a major role in providing protein (22%) and other daily required nutrients [1]. Drought is an environmental condition when there is continuous loss of water by transpiration and soil water cannot replenish it [2]. Yields loss to the mungbean production [3]. The morphological, physiological and biological characteristics of plant in every growth stage are adversely affected by drought stress [4]. Water stress affected agricultural regions can undergo yield loss up to 50% or more and up to 45% of world agricultural area is covered by water deficit where 38% of the world population resides [6].
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