Evaluation of Multimodal and Multi-Staged Alerting Strategies for Forward Collision Warning Systems.

Jun Ma,Hongwei Huang,Jiateng Li

doi:10.3390/s22031189

Abstract

V2X is used for communication between the surrounding pedestrians, vehicles, and roadside units. In the Forward Collision Warning (FCW) of Phase One scenarios in V2X, multimodal modalities and multiple warning stages are the two main warning strategies of FCW. In this study, three warning modalities were introduced, namely auditory warning, visual warning, and haptic warning. Moreover, a multimodal warning and a novel multi-staged HUD warning were established. Then, the above warning strategies were evaluated in objective utility, driving performance, visual workload, and subjective evaluation. As for the driving simulator of the experiment, SCANeR was adopted to develop the driving scenario and an open-cab simulator was built based on Fanatec hardware. Kinematic parameters, location-related data and eye-tracking data were then collected. The results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicate that the multimodal warning is significantly better than that of every single modality in utility and longitudinal car-following performance, and there is no significant difference in visual workload between multimodal warning and the baseline. The utility and longitudinal driving performance of multi-staged warning are also better than those of single-stage warning. Finally, the results provide a reference for the warning strategy design of the FCW in Intelligent Connected Vehicles.

Highlights

Traffic accidents cause huge casualties and economic losses and have become a serious problem for all countries
The results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicate that the multimodal warning is significantly better than that of every single modality in utility and longitudinal car-following performance, and there is no significant difference in visual workload between multimodal warning and the baseline
In in the thecomparison comparisonbetween betweenthe themultimodal multimodalwarning warningand andthe the baseline, there is no significant difference in vehicle lateral control and visual workload for multi-channel reminders

Summary

Introduction

Traffic accidents cause huge casualties and economic losses and have become a serious problem for all countries. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, rear-end accidents account for about 30%. Jamson et al [2] showed that most accidents could be avoided if drivers were alerted and enabled to take avoidance measures one second before a rear-end collision occurred. A forward collision warning system (FCW) has been shown to be effective in alerting drivers in emergencies and helping them to react more quickly, helping them to avoid collisions [3]. In order to avoid forward collisions, an FCW system should provide timely and accurate alerts to the driver, and the alerts should not significantly interfere with driving performance. FCW is designed to meet these requirements through two alerting strategies: sensory channels and alert levels

Methods

Results

Conclusion