Evaluation of mosquitocidal potency of leaves and fruits extracts of Phyllanthus acidus L. against filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say

Abstract

The present piece of work was done to carry out larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activities of crude extracts of mature leaf and fruit extract of Phyllanthus acidus against filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus. The percentage mortality of 1st instar stages of Cx. quinquefasciatus at 0.7% concentration was considerably higher (p < 0.05), followed by second, third and fourth instars larvae. Whereas crude extract of fruits showed 100% mortality at 0.9% concentration in case of first instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus after 24 h of contact. The lowest LC50 value observed was 0.26 ml and 0.34 ml against the first instar larval stages of Cx. quinquefasciatus after exposure of 24 hours in crude leaf and fruit extract of P. acidus, respectively. In pupicidal bioassay, the crude leaves extract of P. acidus exhibited pupicidal potency with LC50 values of 7.463% after 24 h. The extract from fresh leaves of P. acidus revealed repellency against the mature females of Cx. quinquefasciatus with 94% protection. In adulticidal activity, after 24 h of exposure there is 93.3% death of adult mosquitoes of Cx. quinquefasciatus observed. ANOVA (three-way factorial) was done for both the crude extracts of plant parts and it showed a substantial variance in larval mortality (p