Evaluation of molecular markers GSTM1 and GSTT1 and clinical factors in breast cancer: case-control study and literature review

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in patients with breast cancer compared with individuals without history of cancer, and the association of these polymorphisms with clinical/epidemiological parameters. There were evaluated 752 women (219 patients and 533 controls). Molecular analysis was performed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was used multiple logistic regression and descriptive statistics. Age ≥ 50 years (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.30–4.51, p < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.13–2.27, p = 0.008) were associated to the development of breast cancer, while smoking and null genotypes GSTM1 and GSTT1 presented no association. GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms presented no relationship with the clinical and histopathological parameters or molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Ninety-two percent of tumours were invasive ductal, 66% were grade II, 65% were larger than 2 cm, the stages II (35.3%) and III (31.2%) were the most prevalent, and 47.7% were molecular subtype luminal B. Individuals aged ≥ 50 years and alcohol consumers have more chance to developing breast cancer. GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms are not associated to the risk of breast cancer.