Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has become more important and common in recent years. Advantages of AM include the ability to rapidly design and fabricate samples much faster than traditional manufacturing processes and to create complex internal geometries. Materials are crucial components of microwave systems and proper and accurate measurement of their dielectric properties is important to aid a high level of accuracy in design. There are numerous measurement techniques and finding the most appropriate method is important and requires consideration of all different factors and limitations. One limitation of sample preparation is that the sample size needs to fit in the measurement method. By utilizing the advantage of additive manufacturing, the material can be characterized using different measurement methods. In this paper, the additive manufacturing process and dielectric measurement methods have been critically reviewed. The test specimens for measuring dielectric properties were fabricated using fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based additive manufacturing and were measured using four different commercial dielectric properties measurement instruments including split post dielectric resonator (SPDR), rectangular waveguide, TE01δ cavity resonator, and open resonator. The measured results from the four techniques have been compared and have shown reasonable agreement with measurements within a 10 percent range.
Highlights
Additive manufacturing, more commonly known as 3D printing, is a method of manufacturing and rapid prototyping defined as a process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies [1]. 3D printing is beginning to be widely used for radio frequency (RF) applications
The measurement results of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) Materials under test (MUTs) were compared at frequencies less than 20 GHz to avoid the high variation caused by the open resonator; see Figure 12
This paper has reviewed the nonresonant and resonant methods of dielectric properties This paper has reviewed the nonresonant and resonant methods of dielectric properties measurement
Summary
More commonly known as 3D printing, is a method of manufacturing and rapid prototyping defined as a process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies [1]. 3D printing is beginning to be widely used for radio frequency (RF) applications. The measurement results demonstrated that 3D printing is a good option for fabrication of RF/microwave components by utilizing the advantages of the design flexibility, compactness, and fast manufacturing. 3D printing allows the flexibility to design air inclusions in the dielectric host If these inclusions are much smaller than a wavelength, the material behaves as an artificial dielectric which is a class of nonresonant metamaterial. If the air inclusions are replaced by small metallic inclusions, the relative permittivity of the artificial dielectric can be increased [9] Using such techniques enables 3D printing to vary the dielectric properties across the surface of the device. The objective is to validate the measurement results of the 3D printing samples using different microwave characterization methods.
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