Abstract
This work addresses how a pre-treatment involving biomass ash influences the poultry effluent’s bioremediation using three microalga strains, such as Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella protothecoides and Tetradesmus obliquus. The undiluted effluent served as the culture medium for the growth, both in batch and semi continuous modes, and the remediation efficiency and biomass production yield were quantified. The combination strategy in batch mode, allowed removal efficiency of 100% for total nitrogen, more than 80% for total phosphorus and over 70% for chemical oxygen demand. Average biomass productivities for 10 days of 94.9, 76.2 and 72.0 mg L−1 day−1 were obtained for T. obliquus, C. vulgaris and C. protothecoides, respectively. Regarding semi-continuous strategy (28 days), the biomass productivities achieved were 245 and 194 mg L−1 day−1 for T. obliquus and C. vulgaris, respectively. Remediation rates of 100% for total nitrogen and phosphorus, and over 92% for COD were attained. The microalga composition was assessed for protein, sugar, lipid, and ash contents. The produced biomasses were tested as biostimulant and showed a 147% increase in wheat germination index, for the C. vulgaris microalga. The use of the precipitate from the biomass ash pre-treatment as fertilizer in germination tests was also assessed and results in an increase of 26%, for 10% of precipitate incorporation.
Highlights
The poultry sector is currently the second largest contributor to the global meat production, being responsible for 39% of the total of 339 million ton carcass weight produced in 2019 — chicken meat represents 89% of the poultry tonnage (FAO, 2020)
The compositions of the poultry effluents, without (PE) and with (PE+A) ash, used in the different tests are given in Tables 1 and 2 provides the chemical composition of the biomass ash used in the pre-treatment
The effluents used do not have high nitrogen and phosphorus load, the initial COD load is very high (6140 mg O2 L−1 and 5630 mg O2 L−1). This mineral waste was mainly composed of CaO (65.9%) and contained several other water-soluble components such as MgO or Fe2O3; the alkalinization potential of this ash is expressed by its pH of 13.0, that corresponds to the equilibrium pH in aqueous solution
Summary
The poultry sector is currently the second largest contributor to the global meat production, being responsible for 39% of the total of 339 million ton carcass weight produced in 2019 — chicken meat represents 89% of the poultry tonnage (FAO, 2020). In large volumes, in agro-industrial farms and slaughterhouses worldwide. They contain a significant organic load, including phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, emulsified fats, and particulate matter. While the decanted solid waste is used to produce pet diets, the liquid phase, with a high fat content, is subjected to a sequence of operations, such as flocculation, intended to reduce the organic load. The aqueous part goes for anaerobic digestion or to a water treatment plant, whereas the solid one, with high fat content, goes
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