Abstract
Ketoacidosis is a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, especially type 1 diabetic patients being predisposed to this condition. Ketoacidosis might occur also in other types of diabetes triggered by circumstances leading to shortage of insulin. The aim of the study was the assessment of metabolic, hydroelectrolytic disturbances and the relationship between different parameters in patients hospitalized with diabetic ketoacidosis. We evaluated the clinical state, parameters of blood-gas analyzer, biochemistry and hematology laboratory results of 32 patients admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis between January-November 2018 at the Department of Diabetology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases of the Emergency County Hospital in T�rgu Mureș. Demographic data, associated diseases, body mass index were also evaluated. The considered threshold of significance was 0.05. The distribution of type 1 and 2 diabetes was 40.6 and 46.9% in the studied group, 53.1% being male patients. Positive correlation could be observed between pH and base excess and between pH and bicarbonate values, while negative correlation could be found between triglyceridemia and body mass index (BMI). Severe hyperglycemia, very low pH values, glucosuria, ketonuria and electrolytic imbalances were very common in the studied patients. Pancreatitis, respiratory tract and urinary infections could be found in the background of ketoacidotic manifestations in the majority of the patients, dehydration occured in each of the cases. Many severe metabolic and hydroelectrolytic disturbances could be observed in the studied patients presenting diabetic ketoacidosis. Infectious diseases are the most common triggers of metabolic imbalance in diabetic patients.
Highlights
Experimental part Material and methodsIn our retrospective study a number of 32 diabetic ketoacidotic patients’ data was processed, who were hospitalized by emergency admission in the Department of Diabetology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases of the Emergency
Ketoacidosis is a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, especially type 1 diabetic patients being predisposed to this condition
Average duration of hospitalization was 9.09 +/- 3.70 (SD) days. 40.6% of the patients were type 1 diabetic individuals, 46.9% were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 12.5% with secondary diabetes. 31.3% of the subjects were new cases, recently diagnosed in ketoacidotic state
Summary
In our retrospective study a number of 32 diabetic ketoacidotic patients’ data was processed, who were hospitalized by emergency admission in the Department of Diabetology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases of the Emergency. County Hospital in Tirgu Mures, between January-November 2018. Paraclinical and laboratory test results were collected among the assessed data regarding associated diseases. The laboratory analyses were performed in the Central Laboratory of the Emergency Clinical County Hospital in Tirgu Mures, blood-gas analysis of the patients was performed by the Emergency Department UPU. The metabolic investigation of the patients included the routine laboratory analyses: serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total bilirubin, amylase and transaminase activity. Other biochemical parameters that were assessed are: serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, total protein and urine strip test results. The significance threshold was set to a p value under 0.05
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