Evaluation of mesoporous silicas functionalized with C18 groups as stationary phases for the solid‐phase extraction of steroid hormones in milk

Abstract

In this work, two mesoporous silicas functionalized with C18 groups (SM-C18 and SBA-15-C18) have been synthesized for their evaluation as stationary phases in SPE for the extraction and preconcentration of seven steroid hormones (estrone, estradiol, estriol, ethinyl estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, testosterone, and progesterone ) from milk. The characterization of both materials by diverse techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, SEM, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and adsorption-desorption isotherms showed that the mesoporous silicas had a high surface area, high pore volume, and a homogeneous distribution of the pores and that both silicas presented a similar degree of functionalization. An analytical methodology for the simultaneous separation of the seven selected steroids by HPLC-DAD was developed. Both silicas were evaluated as stationary phases in SPE for the extraction of the steroid hormones from milk. This HPLC-DAD method was applied to the analysis of all extracts obtained in the SPE experiments, showing that from the two synthesized mesoporus silicas, SBA-15-C18 silica enabled the extraction of the seven compounds with recoveries between 88 and 108% for all except for estriol, for which a recovery of 62% was obtained. The analytical characteristics of this methodology were evaluated, showing good precision and linearity (R2 > 0.994) for all analytes. The comparison of the results obtained with this silica and those obtained with commercial C18 particles and with some other commercial cartridges usually employed in the extraction of steroids showed that SBA-15-C18 silica was able to extract the seven steroids with higher recovery values.