Abstract
We investigated menstrual irregularities after the first and second doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Women answered a customised online questionnaire (ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT05083065) aimed to assess the vaccine type, the phase of the menstrual cycle during which the vaccine was administered, the occurrence of menstrual irregularities after the first and second doses, and how long this effect lasted. We excluded women with gynaecological and non-gynaecological diseases, undergoing hormonal and non-hormonal treatments, in perimenopause or menopause, as well as those who had irregular menstrual cycles in the last 12 months before vaccine administration. According to our data analysis, approximately 50–60% of reproductive-age women who received the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine reported menstrual cycle irregularities, regardless of the type of administered vaccine. The occurrence of menstrual irregularities seems to be slightly higher (60–70%) after the second dose. Menstrual irregularities after both the first and second doses of the vaccine were found to self-resolve in approximately half the cases within two months. Based on these results, we suggest to consider these elements during the counselling of women who receive the COVID-19 vaccine, letting them know about the potential occurrence of temporary and self-limiting menstrual cycle irregularities in the subsequent month(s).
Highlights
Was one of the first countries where the COVID-19 pandemic started [1], after the initial spread in Wuhan, China [2]
We suggest to consider these elements during the counselling of women who receive the COVID-19 vaccine, letting them know about the potential occurrence of temporary and self-limiting menstrual cycle irregularities in the subsequent month(s)
We excluded 205 cine dose, 8 women had the second dose of vaccine using
Summary
Was one of the first countries where the COVID-19 pandemic started [1], after the initial spread in Wuhan, China [2]. Lombardy and Veneto, as well as other northern areas of Italy, had the highest morbidity and mortality rates since they were suddenly hit by the new virus, whose biological and clinical effects were yet unknown [3]. Among the potential strategies to counteract the pandemic, since January 2021, Italy started a campaign to increase the vaccination rate of healthcare providers, fragile patients, and general population as much as possible [4]. Since 15 October 2021, the Italian government required to have a valid European Digital COVID Certificate (EDCC) for all productive activities and to work [5], and this further increased the vaccination rate among the general population, similar to other countries [6].
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