Abstract
Background: Kidney (renal) diseases and dialysis are among the most costly disorders and represent a worldwide burden. In this study, we evaluate the medical costs for individuals with kidney diseases and risk factors for the diseases in Japan. Data and Methods: The dataset used contained 113,979 medical checkups and 3,172,066 medical cost records obtained from 48,022 individuals in one health insurance society. The sample period was April 2013 to March 2016. We evaluated the distribution of all medical costs, and those of kidney diseases specifically. Then the power transformation Tobit model was used to remove the effects of other variables. Finally, a probit analysis was used to analyze the risk factors. Results: In 0.25% of all cases, individuals were diagnosed with kidney diseases. An individual with kidney disease cost 14.5 times more than those without kidney disease. If the diseases progressed into chronic kidney disease (CKD), the medical costs increased substantially. Even disregarding various characteristics of individuals, this conclusion did not vary. We found important risk factors included diabetes and blood pressure problems. In particular, an individual with both factors had a high probability of developing kidney disease. Conclusion: Kidney diseases are much costlier than other diseases. Screening high-risk individuals, educating patients, and ensuring that treatment begins at an early stage are critically important to controlling medical costs. Limitations: The dataset was observatory, and the sample period was only 3 years.
Highlights
We evaluate the medical costs for individuals with kidney diseases and risk factors for the diseases in Japan
0.17% used over 500,000 points, and their medical costs accounted for 7.8% of the total cost
We evaluated the medical costs and probability of kidney diseases
Summary
Since CKD is a very costly disease, accurate cost-benefit analysis is quite important [5]. Kidney (renal) diseases and dialysis are among the most costly disorders and represent a worldwide burden. We evaluate the medical costs for individuals with kidney diseases and risk factors for the diseases in Japan. We evaluated the distribution of all medical costs, and those of kidney diseases . If the diseases progressed into chronic kidney disease (CKD), the medical costs increased substantially. An individual with both factors had a high probability of developing kidney disease. Screening high-risk individuals, educating patients, and ensuring that treatment begins at an early stage are critically important to controlling medical costs. Limitations: The dataset was observatory, and the sample period was only 3 years
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