Evaluation of masticatory performance in subjects with shortened dental arch: A comparative study

Abstract

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the masticatory performance of shortened dental arches (SDAs) compared with the complete dentition. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 subjects with the age group of 45-60 years were selected in the study, which were equally divided into two groups - subjects with shorten dental arch (missing molars; case group) and subjects with complete dentition (control group). Masticatory performance was evaluated by a multiple sieve method on the basis of median particle size of the fragmented particles. Roasted peanuts were used as test food. A method of measuring masticatory performance developed by Manly and Braley and modified by Kapur and Soman was used in this study. Assessment of chewing ability level was also done by asking structured questionnaire. Each question was answered on a four point rating scale. Results: Overall masticatory performance in control group ranged from 60% to 70.5% with standard deviation (SD) of 3.20. The male subjects showed higher masticatory performance with SD of 2.60% when compared to females with SD of 1.77%. The overall masticatory performance in case group ranged between 50.6% and 59%, respectively. The male subjects showed higher masticatory performance with SD of 2.29 when compared to females with SD of 1.08. On comparing both groups, it was found that masticatory performance of control group (3.20) was higher when compared to case group (2.59). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that SDA subjects have masticatory performance and patient satisfaction level within acceptable range to that of complete dental arch subjects.