Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are epithelial-derived pathologies which share inflammation as a common initial pathogenic-inducing state. Mast cell is a key immune modulating cell which is primarily involved in initiation and propagation of inflammation. The role of mast cell in OPMDs and OSCC has been an established fact; however, its definitive pathogenic correlation is still under study. The objective of the study was to evaluate the number of mast cell in OPMDs and OSCC using special stain correlating its probable role as a promoter or retarder of OSCC. Materials and Methods Forty-five archival histopathologically confirmed cases each of OPMD and OSCC were studied for mast cells using toluidine blue and Alcian blue-safranin stain and compared with 10 normal oral mucosal tissues. Comparisons between the mast cells count was also performed between the two special stains. Results Among 100 cases, 67% were males and 33% were females. The mean age was 41.68 ± 13.39; 55.06 ± 12.55; and 18.4 ± 2.54 years for OPMDs, OSCC, and normal, respectively. A statistically significant increase in mast cells among OPMDs (9.88 ± 7.9) and OSCC (6.711 ± 3.94) was observed compared to normal oral mucosa. The mast cell count reduced among OSCC in comparison to OPMDs which was significant as well. The mean mast cell count for Alcian blue-safranin stain was higher than toluidine blue stain. Conclusion There is a decrease in mean mast cell count from OPMDs to OSCC which is suggestive of protective role of mast cell. Proper quantification of mast cells using specific stains can guide to define prognosis in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer.
Highlights
Mast cells form an immune system tranche that plays an important role in host defense. ey are present in vascularized tissues, in connective tissues and mucosal surfaces [1]
E mast cell count increased in both oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared to the normal oral mucosa, whereas it was the highest among OPMDs followed by OSCC
All the comparisons were statistically significant except the comparison between OPMDs and OSCC using Alcian blue-safranin stain (Table 2)
Summary
Mast cells form an immune system tranche that plays an important role in host defense. ey are present in vascularized tissues, in connective tissues and mucosal surfaces [1]. The pathogenesis of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) begins with the inflammatory response, mediated by immune cells such as mast cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and others [4]. Special stains such as toluidine blue and Alcian bluesafranin stain are specific to mast cells which otherwise are difficult to identify with routine hematoxylin and eosin stain. Forty-five archival histopathologically confirmed cases each of OPMD and OSCC were studied for mast cells using toluidine blue and Alcian blue-safranin stain and compared with 10 normal oral mucosal tissues. Proper quantification of mast cells using specific stains can guide to define prognosis in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer
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