Evaluation of left atrial and posterior mediastinal anatomy by multidetector helical computed tomography imaging: Relevance to ablation

Abstract

Increasing use of catheter ablation in the left atrium (LA) requires understanding of substrate anatomy, especially with regard to potential damage to adjacent structures. We reviewed multidetector helical computed tomography (MDCT) imaging on 42 subjects, 26 imaged before planned LA ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), and 16 without AF. LA volume and dimensions were larger in patients with AF (p < 0.05) and the spine and aorta (Ao) impressed the LA more frequently in the AF group. The esophagus (Eo) was the predominant feature on the posterior LA wall, contacting it in all patients. The Ao was in contact with the LA body or the left inferior pulmonary vein (PV) in 32 (76%) of 42 cases, and in 10 it ran along an indentation on the posterior aspect of the LA. The coronary sinus was adjacent to LA ablation sites, the azygos vein was rarely adjacent to those sites, and the left bronchus abutted the PV ostium but not the LA. Two patients had findings that directly impacted the ablation procedure: one patient had a dilated fluid filled Eo with esophageal stricture and underwent nasogastric decompression before ablation, and one was discovered to have an anomalous PV and underwent surgical repair. MDCT imaging identifies structures adjacent to the LA, which could be affected by ablation. Posterior LA topography can be influenced by the position of the Ao or by the proximity of the spine. Preprocedural imaging can characterize anatomic structures that could be vulnerable during ablation, and detect unusual pathology that can affect the treatment plan.