Evaluation of leaching potential of penoxsulam and bispyribac sodium in Punjab soils under laboratory conditions

Abstract

ABSTRACT For developing mitigation methods to decrease or eliminate the risk of water contamination around crop areas, a thorough understanding of the leaching process is required. It also affects the efficacy of herbicides towards the target weeds. The study investigated the leaching of penoxsulam and bispyribac sodium in soils with varied physicochemical properties. Quantification was done using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer. Penoxsulam was found to be moderately mobile and 86.3–90.2% of the applied herbicide was detected in soil column and residues in leachate were below the limit of quantification (0.008 µg mL−1). On the contrary, only 20.8–29.9% of the applied bispyribac sodium was detected in the soil columns and 62.8–87.12% was present in leachates. The highest leachability of penoxsulam and bispyribac sodium was found in loamy sand followed by sandy loam, loam, silt loam and clay loam. The results corroborated well with index-based leaching model using principal component analysis. Therefore, it is important to propose remediation method to avoid the potential adverse effect of herbicide behaving as leachar compound.