Evaluation of Istanbul Strait (Bosphorus) passage simulations in terms of CO2 emissions

Abstract

It is crucial to reduce CO2 emissions due to marine transportation, which has a direct effect on air pollution in channels such as the Istanbul Strait (Bosphorus), which has a high human population density in the vicinity. In this study, it is tried to evaluate whether it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions during the passage of the Bosphorus. For this purpose, a mathematical model including three different control systems, called MPC, PD, and PD-Fuzzy controllers, is created to evaluate the controller effect on CO2 emissions during the passage. Each control system is selected separately from the mathematical model and the Bosphorus passages are simulated. As a result of these simulations, the velocity of the ship, the route to be followed by the ship, and the change of the ship's rudder angle throughout the passage are obtained using each control system. In these simulations, it is assumed that there are no external forces, such as wind and current. The obtained results from the simulations are accepted as a reference and an evaluation is made in terms of CO2 emissions by including the number of commercial ships passing through the Bosphorus between 2006 and 2019. The calculated annual CO2 emissions that may occur in the Bosphorus passage with the various control systems are compared. The CO2 emissions increases approximately 1.86% depending on the selection of the control system for the determined ship for the Bosphorus passage simulations. As a result, it is emphasized that a more effective control system for reducing CO2 emissions in narrow channel passages such as the Bosphorus can exist.