Evaluation of IoT-Enabled Monitoring and Electronic Nose Spoilage Detection for Salmon Freshness During Cold Storage.

Huanhuan Feng,Pengfei Liu,Mengjie Zhang,Yiliu Liu,Xiaoshuan Zhang

doi:10.3390/foods9111579

Huanhuan Feng, Pengfei Liu + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9111579

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Abstract

Salmon is a highly perishable food due to temperature, pH, odor, and texture changes during cold storage. Intelligent monitoring and spoilage rapid detection are effective approaches to improve freshness. The aim of this work was an evaluation of IoT-enabled monitoring system (IoTMS) and electronic nose spoilage detection for quality parameters changes and freshness under cold storage conditions. The salmon samples were analyzed and divided into three groups in an incubator set at 0 °C, 4 °C, and 6 °C. The quality parameters, i.e., texture, color, sensory, and pH changes, were measured and evaluated at different temperatures after 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14 days of cold storage. The principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm can be used to cluster electronic nose information. Furthermore, a Convolutional Neural Networks and Support Vector Machine (CNN-SVM) based algorithm is used to cluster the freshness level of salmon samples stored in a specific storage condition. In the tested samples, the results show that the training dataset of freshness is about 95.6%, and the accuracy rate of the test dataset is 93.8%. For the training dataset of corruption, the accuracy rate is about 91.4%, and the accuracy rate of the test dataset is 90.5%. The overall accuracy rate is more than 90%. This work could help to reduce quality loss during salmon cold storage.

Highlights

Salmon is a popular and healthy food choices that contains rich minerals and unsaturated fatty acids
A Convolutional Neural Networks and Support Vector Machine (CNN-Support Vector Machine (SVM)) based algorithm is used to cluster the freshness level of salmon samples stored in a specific storage condition
The Internet of thing (IoT)-enabled monitoring system (IoTMS) is composed of three layers: the data sensing layer, data transmission layer, and application layer

Summary

Introduction

Salmon is a popular and healthy food choices that contains rich minerals and unsaturated fatty acids. Salmon is a highly perishable food and has a short life [1,2], which means it deteriorates and the process is accelerated along with the environmental change due to numerous factors such as the processing method, package material, cold ambient condition, and preservation technology [3,4]. Cold storage using intelligent monitoring technology to keep it at a low-temperature condition contributes to improving salmon quality value. Salmon freshness varies with time and environment. An important aspect of fish products transportation and consumption is the effective monitoring of time and environment conditions, which affect overall quality of fish [5,6]. Temperature has an important effect on salmon meat, and monitoring and traceability is especially

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