Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine during therapeutic extraction.Materials and Methods: The study design is a split mouth double blinded randomized control trial. Patients who visited the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery for the therapeutic extraction of premolars were assessed for enrollment. Each subject participated in two surgical sessions, with the extraction of premolars of the upper and lower quadrant of the same side during a single session. A week later subjects were asked to report back for the extraction of the upper and lower premolar on the contralateral side. The patients were randomized by a computer generated number into two groups. Group A received intranasal dexmedetomidine (100 mcg/ml) and group B received intranasal saline at the first session. An alternate regimen was used during the second session during which group A received intranasal saline and in group B intranasal dexmedetomidine was administered. A mucosal atomization device was used to deliver the drug. Pain from local anesthesia infiltration was rated on the numerical rating scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Sedation status was measured using the Observer's Assessment of Sedation. Blood pressure and heart rate of the patient were also monitored.Original Research ArticleXavier et al.; JPRI, 32(18): 112-119, 2020; Article no.JPRI.59782113Results: A total of 14 patients were involved in the study. Observer assessment scale indicated that significant sedation was obtained in group A when compared to group B. Compared to group B there was a significant reduction in heart rate and blood pressure in group A at the end of 10 minutes and 40 minutes. These parameters were normalized to the baseline at the end of 60 minutes. There was no significant difference in pain score noted during the local anesthesia infiltration. None of the patients had bradycardia, hypotension, and respiratory depression in this trial.Conclusion: In this study, we conclude that the intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine controls the patient's fear and anxiety during the therapeutic extraction but not the pain during the administration of local anesthesia.
Highlights
Prior to any surgical procedure, pain management is a vital protocol to be practiced
Compared to group B there was a significant reduction in heart rate and blood pressure in group A at the end of 10 minutes and 40 minutes
There was no significant difference in pain score noted during the local anesthesia infiltration
Summary
Prior to any surgical procedure, pain management is a vital protocol to be practiced. Cooperation of patients is of great importance in the field of surgery not just for the patients but for the surgeon anxiety for dental procedures and fear are common in children but it is prevalent in adults. This is one of the prime factors which hinders patient cooperation. Sedation is a common protocol practiced in dentistry in order to ease dental fear and anxiety [1]. The advantages of intranasal administration include the patient's co-operation, better usage of the time, and resource.
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