Abstract
Dental pulp tissue engineering (TE) endeavors to regenerate dentin/pulp complex by combining a suitable supporting matrix, stem cells, and biochemical stimuli. Such procedures foresee a matrix that can be easily introduced into the root canal system (RCS) and tightly adhere to dentin walls to assure the dentin surface’s proper colonization with progenitor cells capable of restoring the dentin/pulp complex. Herein was investigated an injectable self-setting hyaluronic acid-based (HA) hydrogel system, formed by aldehyde-modified (a-HA) with hydrazide-modified (ADH), enriched with platelet lysate (PL), for endodontic regeneration. The hydrogels’ working (wT) and setting (sT) times, the adhesion to the dentine walls, the hydrogel’s microstructure, and the delivery of human dental pulp cells (DPCs) were studied in vitro. Hydrogels incorporating PL showed a suitable wT and sT and a porous microstructure. The tensile tests showed that the breaking point occurs after 4.3106 ± 1.8677 mm deformation, while in the indentation test after 1.4056 ± 0.3065 mm deformation. Both breaking points occur in the hydrogel extension. The HA/PL hydrogels exhibited supportive properties and promoted cell migration toward dentin surfaces in vitro. Overall, these results support using PL-laden HA injectable hydrogels (HA/PL) as a biomaterial for DPCs encapsulation, thereby displaying great clinical potential towards endodontic regenerative therapies.
Highlights
About 13% of worldwide population has been subjected to some kind of endodontic treatment on at least one tooth [1,2]
The measurements of the apparent in situ gelation time of both hydrogel formulations are summarized in Table 1, described as working and setting times
The incorporation of platelet lysate (PL) significantly increased the Working Time (wT) to 2 min and 18 (±29), and the sT increased to 6 min and 13 s (±89 s) (p = 0.0001) (Figure 1)
Summary
About 13% of worldwide population has been subjected to some kind of endodontic treatment on at least one tooth [1,2]. The common root canal treatment turns the tooth non-vital. Given the absence of physiological homeostasis-maintenance mechanisms, non-vital teeth present a high risk of long-term failure [3,4]. The risk of tooth loss has been calculated to be around 10% after five years and close to 20% at ten years [5,6]. During the last decades, therapies capable of maintaining tooth vitality, such as bleeding induction, or capable of regenerating endodontic tissues through tissueengineered (TE) grafts have been proposed [7]. TE approaches are able to regenerate lost endodontic structures using biomaterials laden with biochemical cues and/or cells
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