Abstract
Purpose : To evaluate the physical characteristics (size, legibility or readability) and the completeness of information in drug package leaflets/inserts and drug promotional brochures in Nigeria. Methods : Three hundred materials (drug information leaflets and brochures) were collected from various community pharmacies, private and governmental clinics and from various pharmaceutical distributor or representatives from different states of Nigeria. Two independent panels sorted and evaluated the information found in them and differences were resolved by consensus. Results : This study revealed that 80.7 % of the materials evaluated were leaflets while brochures accounted for 18 %. The physical characteristics of the materials showed that 58.7, 31.3 and 89.0 % of the materials were sizeable, readable/legible and had adequate color contrast respectively. Most of the materials were written in English (78.7 %), English and French 17.3 %, English and Arabic accounted for only 4 %. Description of indications for which the drugs were used was mentioned in 30.3 % of materials. Other contents of the materials were mechanism of action (70.3 %), overdoses information (55.0 %), drug interaction (51.3 %), pharmacokinetics (36.3 %) and revision date of the information (21.0 %). Conclusion: This study reveals that advertising materials used in promoting drugs in Nigeria have incomplete information and the physical characteristics of the materials are not adequate. It seems that drug industries at present mainly aim at increasing sales rather than promoting health care. Information in some pharmaceutical brochures exaggerated the benefits of the drug and downplayed risks associated with the drugs. Keywords: Drug information, Drug leaflet, Drug promotion brochure, Nigeria, Advertizing materials
Highlights
Drug promotion, according to World Health Organization (WHO), refers to all the informational and persuasive activities of the pharmaceutical industries, the effect of which is to induce prescription, supply, purchase, and use of medicinal drugs [1]
Our study revealed that none of the promotional materials had all the necessary information as stipulated by WHO’s Ethical Criteria for Medicinal Drug Promotion [1]
Contrary to claims that promotional materials serve an educational purpose, our analysis show that the promotional material sampled provide limited information about the causes of diseases or who may be at risk
Summary
Drug promotion, according to World Health Organization (WHO), refers to all the informational and persuasive activities of the pharmaceutical industries, the effect of which is to induce prescription, supply, purchase, and use of medicinal drugs [1]. Ethical Criteria for Medicinal drug Promotion, should include the name of the active ingredient, brand name, content of active ingredient per dosage form or regimen, other ingredients known to cause problems, approved therapeutic uses, dosage form or regimen, side effects, contraindications, major interactions, management in case of overdose or toxicity, storage conditions, pharmacokinetic profile, use in pregnancy and lactation, name and address of manufacturers or distributor, and reference to scientific literature. Such information is believed to increase public’s awareness of diseases and other health conditions. This research work is aimed at evaluating the information in drug promotional brochures and medicine information leaflets
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