Evaluation of Inflammatory Acute Phase Protein Level and Different Leukocyte Counts in Chronic Periodontitis Normolipidemic Patients after Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on periodontal parameters, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, total leukocyte count (TLC), and differential leukocyte count (DLC) in normolipidemic patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. A total of 60 subjects (38 males and 22 females) between 20 and 55 years of age were included in this study. Twenty subjects with generalized chronic gingivitis were assigned group I. Forty subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis were randomly divided into test groups, i.e., group II (n = 20) and control group, i.e., group III (n = 20). At baseline, clinical parameters (plaque and gingival indices, clinical attachment loss) were recorded and blood collected for lipid profile test, TLC, DLC, and CRP estimation. Patients with lipid values in the normal range continued the study. Groups I and II were provided nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Follow-up clinical examination and blood examination were done for CRP level, TLC, and DLC after 1 and 2 months. A significant improvement in the clinical parameters was evident following scaling and root planning in group II as compared to group III. A decrease in serum CRP and TLC count was also observed, but the difference was not significant. Moreover, a reduction was observed in neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils post therapeutically in group II but the decrease was significant only for monocyte count. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that nonsurgical periodontal therapy can reduce the inflammatory component. Periodontal diseases comprise a wide range of inflammatory conditions affecting the supporting structures of teeth. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on chronic periodontitis can be evaluated by measuring the CRP and leukocyte concentration.