Evaluation of increase in loss tangent from longitudinal vibration of wood log by considering apparent density difference between sapwood and heartwood caused by moisture content

Abstract

This study confirmed that the loss tangent (or tangent loss, tan δ) obtained from the longitudinal vibration of a wood log increases with the apparent density difference between sapwood and heartwood, owing to moisture content difference. The reason for this was estimated to be the shear stress occurring when the longitudinal vibration is excited from the calculation of the longitudinal vibration equation for a cylindrical model with different sapwood and heartwood densities. According to the measurement of the vibrational properties of 35 sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) logs with large moisture content variation in the sapwood and heartwood, the tan δ for longitudinal vibration increased compared with that for flexural vibration when the apparent sapwood density exceeded apparent heartwood density, whereas the difference in the specific dynamic Young’s modulus (E/ρ) was small. To discover why tan δ increases, both the axial and shear strain energy were calculated from the numerical solution of the longitudinal vibration of a cylindrical model by only considering the apparent density difference between sapwood and heartwood. It was found that the shear strain energy increases with the apparent density difference. Because it is known from previous studies that tan δ from the shear strain (tan δS) is larger than that from the axial strain (tan δA), this study concluded that tan δ increases with the apparent density difference. The ratio of increase of tan δ calculated by the model adequately explaange of the measured tan δ caused by the longitudinal vibration of a sugi log.