Abstract
BackgroundDiarrhoea has been the major cause of death especially in children of developing countries. Brucea antidysenterica is one of the several medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of diarrhoea in Ethiopia. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the antidiarrhoeal and antibacterial activities of the root extract of B. antidysenterica.MethodsPlant material was extracted by maceration technique using 80% methanol. The antidiarrhoeal activity was tested using castor oil-induced diarrhoea, castor oil-induced charcoal meal test, and castor oil-induced enteropooling models in mice. Whilst, the antibacterial activity of the crude extract was evaluated using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods.ResultsThe 80% methanolic crude extract significantly delayed the diarrhoeal onset at the two higher doses (p < 0.001) and it has also inhibited the number and weight of faecal output at all tested doses as compared with the negative control. Moreover, it showed a significant anti-motility effect (p < 0.001) at all tested doses. Whereas it displayed a significant reduction in the weight and volume of intestinal contents at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p < 0.01). The highest concentration (800 mg/mL) of test extract showed maximum zone of inhibition in all tested standard strains of bacteria (18.3 mm–22 mm). While MIC and MBC values (0.39 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL) showed that S. flexneri was the most susceptible pathogen for test extract.ConclusionThe study revealed that the root extract of B. antidysenterica has antidiarrhoeal and antibacterial activities.
Highlights
Diarrhoea has been the major cause of death especially in children of developing countries
Numerous traditional plants were scientifically reported for their antidiarrhoeal activity:- including Myrtus communis [10], Lantana camara [11], Croton macrostachyus [12], Carissa carandas [13], Zehneria scabra [14], Ajuga remota [15], Discopodium penninervum [16] and Lepidium sativum [17]
Acute Oral toxicity test After a single oral administration of limit dose (2000 mg/kg), animals did not show any change in motor activity, lacrimation, diarrhoea, convulsion, and coma
Summary
Diarrhoea has been the major cause of death especially in children of developing countries. Brucea antidysenterica is one of the several medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of diarrhoea in Ethiopia. Diarrhoea is a loss of watery stool at least three times a day [1], or more frequent bowel movements with a volume or weight of greater than 200 mL or 200 g in 24 h duration [2, 3]. Zewdie et al BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2020) 20:201 report in 2017, 1 in 9 child death was reported worldwide, which makes diarrhoea the second leading cause of death for under-five children [1, 5]. Diarrhoea kills 2195 children each day which is greater than malaria, measles and AIDS combined [5, 7]. Numerous traditional plants were scientifically reported for their antidiarrhoeal activity:- including Myrtus communis [10], Lantana camara [11], Croton macrostachyus [12], Carissa carandas [13], Zehneria scabra [14], Ajuga remota [15], Discopodium penninervum [16] and Lepidium sativum [17]
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