Abstract
BackgroundThe Cheilanthes albomarginata Clarke (CA), a fern belonging to Pteridaceae family, is found mainly in India, Nepal, Pakistan and Bhutan at an altitude of 1300–2700 m. It grows mostly in the rock crevices on slopes. Juice from the rhizome of CA has been used to treat peptic ulcer. In this study, the biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity) of the extracts of CA were investigated. The total phenolic content of each extract was quantified. This is the first report regarding the study of biological activities on CA.MethodsIn the current study, the crude methanol and fractionated extract of the aerial part of CA were investigated for the antioxidant tests which were namely DPPH assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay and nitrite scavenging assay. Their phenolic contents were measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu’s method.In vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic assays were evaluated against the RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and 3 T3-L1 cells respectively. The crude methanol extract and phenolic fraction (combination of ethyl acetate and butanol fraction) were studied for the in vivo anti-obesity test using male Sprague Dawley rats.ResultsThe ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging (82.54 ± 0.48%), hydrogen peroxide scavenging (3.41 ± 0.21 mg/ml) and nitrite scavenging activity (61.39%). The highest phenolic content was found in the ethyl acetate fraction followed by the butanol fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic activities. From the in vivo study on rats, the crude methanol extract and phenolic fraction showed plasma triglyceride lowering activity as well as reduction of weight of adipose tissue in high fat diet induced obese rats.ConclusionThe current study suggests that the ethyl acetate and butanol extracts of CA are potential source for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic remedies. In addition to that the results of in vivo studies evidenced the possibility of CA as a source of anti-obesity drug remedies.
Highlights
The Cheilanthes albomarginata Clarke (CA), a fern belonging to Pteridaceae family, is found mainly in India, Nepal, Pakistan and Bhutan at an altitude of 1300–2700 m
Assay kits of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GTP), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and Creatinine were purchased from Asan Pharm Co., Ltd (Whasung, Korea). (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Dexamethasone (DEX), insulin, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (IBMX), Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), Oil red O, Xanthine oxidase, and Hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co
The total phenolic content in the plant extracts is expressed in terms of Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)
Summary
The Cheilanthes albomarginata Clarke (CA), a fern belonging to Pteridaceae family, is found mainly in India, Nepal, Pakistan and Bhutan at an altitude of 1300–2700 m. It grows mostly in the rock crevices on slopes. The total phenolic content of each extract was quantified This is the first report regarding the study of biological activities on CA. Nepal is blessed with rich and diverse plant biodiversity. A total of 5,856 species of flowering plants, 28 species of gymnosperms, 853 species of bryophytes and 380 species of pteridophytes have been recorded from Nepal [2,3]. Radhika NK et al found the plant C. farinosa to produce considerable cytotoxic in hepatoma cell line, Hep 3B without inducing substantial damage to non-cancerous cell line RAW 264.7 [6]
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