Evaluation of immunological response of gingival tissue injected by meloxicom

Abstract

Background: Periodontitis, defined as an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissue of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation, recession or both. Although bacteria are considered to be the primary etiologic agents of periodontal disease the pathogenesis of periodontitis involves host-bacterial interaction followed by release of inflammatory mediators such as eicosanoids and cytokines . Arachidonic acid metabolites, mainly prostaglandins of the E series (PGE2), seem to be critical mediators in the progression of periodontal disease. Meloxicam inhibits prostaglandin synthetase (cylooxygenase 1 and 2) and leads to a decrease of the synthesis of prostaglandins, therefore, inflammation is reduced. Aim of the study: To evaluation of immunological parameters after sulcular injection of meloxicam on periodontium , throughout measuring the level of cytokine such as interlukine-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-alpha ) in blood of rabbit. Materials and Methods: Forty five male rabbits of same species were divided into three groups as following: Group1: included 20 rabbits that injected with meloxicam with a dose equivalent to human therapeutic dose using insulin syringe,. Group2: included 15 rabbits were injected with normal saline as the same volume of drug and Group3: include 10 rabbits were left without interference to be used as a control group. After sulcular injecting of meloxicam and normal saline in lower right central incisor tooth, 5 ml of blood had been collected for later analyzing of immunological analysis which include interlukine-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-alpha ) Results: The meloxicam injected group had produced initially higher level of TNF-α, IL-1 β than normal saline after 3 rd day of injection then there was highly significance reduction at day 14 in meloxicam injected group in compare to other groups. Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that sulcular injection of COX-2 inhibitor meloxicam reduce gingival inflammation by reducing proinflammatory mediators with no gastric damage and no remaining effect can be expected after its withdrawal. Key word: Meloxicom, periodontitis, IL-1β and TNF- α