Abstract
Part 1 of this paper showed the technical feasibility of using hyperfiltration with tubular membranes for whey concentration in a recirculation system or a single-pass system; here an economic evaluation is carried out in which, after an optimization procedure, both systems are compared. Both systems result in approximately the same permeate cost for the cases investigated, but the single-pass system was limited in volume reduction because of pressure-drop. As the two systems are economically comparable, the ultimate choice between them will be based on general advantages and disadvantages, and on considerations specific to the application. Investment cost for a hyperfiltration installation for whey concentration appears to be proportional to (feed-rate) 0.5. Permeate cost is proportional to (feed-rate) −0.32, based on 80% availability, 20 h production time per day and 4 h cleaning time per day. Electrical energy required ranged from 3·4 to 6·3 kWh m −3 permeate.
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