Abstract
Changes in climate, land use, and population growth has put immense pressure on the use of water resources in agriculture. Non-irrigated fields suffer from variable water stress, leading to an increase in the implementation of irrigation technologies, thus stressing the need to analyze diverse irrigation practices. An evaluation of 17 sites in the U.S. Corn Belt for two temporal climaticconditions was carried out. It consisted of the analysis of critical hydroclimatic parameters, and the evaluation of seven diverse irrigation strategies using the Deficit Irrigation Toolbox. The strategies included rainfed, full irrigation, and several optimizations of deficit irrigation. The results show a significant change in the hydroclimatic parameters mainly by increased temperature and potential evapotranspiration, and a decrease in precipitation with an increase in intense short rainfall events. Consequently, the simulations indicated the potential of deficit irrigation optimization strategies to increase water productivity above full irrigation and rainfed conditions. In particular, GET-OPTIS for wet soil conditions and the Decision Tables for dry soil conditions seasons. The presentstudy highlights the contributions of atypical weather to crop production and the implications for future management options, and allows specialized regionalization studies with the optimal irrigation strategy.
Highlights
The spatial and temporal variability of climate, land use, soil degradation, and population growth put immense pressure on water resources
Each plot is described by a colored central box that represents the distribution of the data where the first and third quartile are the lower and upper boundary lines respectively and the central point indicates the median
The outsiders represent the variability within the years and the dotted lines represent the average trend for each parameter in the sites located in each region of the United States of America (US) Corn Belt
Summary
The spatial and temporal variability of climate, land use, soil degradation, and population growth put immense pressure on water resources. The agrohydrological dilemma (i.e., securing food production in water scarcity scenarios) was analyzed in several studies focusing on the impacts of climate variability on crop yield (e.g., Niyogi et al [1], Brumbelow et al [2], Rosenzweig et al [3] and Elliot et al [4]) Studies such as Pereira [5] and Gorantiwar et al [6] focused on the improvement of irrigation techniques, while Dobernmann et al [7], Godfray et al [8] and Rockstrom et al [9] focused on the prospective future of sustainable agriculture through irrigation availability.
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