Abstract
Downy mildew is one of the most important diseases of sunflower crop around the world caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl.et de Toni. The aim of our study was to evaluate the horizontal resistance of elite and prospective lines to downy mildew in field conditions. Experiments were conducted at All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) in 2016–2020. Released and prospective sunflower lines bred at VNIIMK were studied, divided into four groups on the base of their race-specific resistance in laboratory tests. Experimental design was randomized blocks with two replications. Evaluation was made by recording all the recognizable symptoms of downy mildew from emergence till flowering. The results obtained allowed us to identify the lines with the highest race non-specific resistance to downy mildew: VK 678 (5.3%), VK 653 (7.3%), VA 760 (3.3%), VA 93 (2.0%) and VK 732 (6.3%). The final aim is the development of sunflower hybrids with the most durable resistance to downy mildew, combining one parental line with the major gene (Pl15) most effective for the specific location and the second parental line with a high level of horizontal resistance to downy mildew.
Highlights
Downy mildew (DM) is one of the most important diseases of sunflower around the world caused by Plasmopara halstedii ☆Contribution to the Topical Issue “Sunflower / Tournesol”.(Farl.) Berl. et de Toni (Novotelnova, 1962; Goossen and Sackston, 1968; Sackston, 1992; Gulya et al, 1997; Jocić et al, 2012)
Favorable weather conditions stimulated the pathogen development. This allows for the identification of all the sunflower material with resistance to DM in the field without any artificial inoculation
The final aim of the study was the development of sunflower hybrids with durable resistance to DM, combining one parental line with the most effective major gene (Pl15 for example) for the specific location and the second parental line with a high horizontal resistance to DM
Summary
Downy mildew (DM) is one of the most important diseases of sunflower around the world caused by Plasmopara halstedii ☆Contribution to the Topical Issue “Sunflower / Tournesol”.(Farl.) Berl. et de Toni (Novotelnova, 1962; Goossen and Sackston, 1968; Sackston, 1992; Gulya et al, 1997; Jocić et al, 2012). Seed chemical treatment and cultivation of resistant sunflower hybrids to DM are the most effective control measures (Gulya et al, 1997; Vear et al, 1997). Simple inheritance of DM genes was discovered rather early (Vranceanu and Stoenescu, 1970; Zimmer, 1974), with different race-specific single dominant resistance genes used worldwide by sunflower breeders (Vear et al, 2008a). This causes the DM pathogen to evolve new races (Ahmed et al., 2012). 35 Pl genes have been discovered and incorporated into commercial sunflower hybrids (Tourvieille de Labrouhe et al, 2008; Qi et al, 2016, 2019; Trojanova et al, 2017)
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