Evaluation of histopathological patterns and testicular biopsies in infertile male and its relationship with some hormones in Kirkuk/Iraq

Abstract

Infertility affects between 15% to 20% of couples worldwide, making it a major concern. Testing abnormalities may result in non-obstructive, permanent azoospermia. Infertility affects between 15% to 20% of couples worldwide, making it a common cause for worry. Testing abnormalities may result in non-obstructive, permanent azoospermia. Testicular biopsy is the only procedure available for diagnosing azoospermia. The current study included a cohort of 30 people who had been clinically diagnosed with azoospermia. Additionally, a cohort of 20 healthy male volunteers was enlisted from Kirkuk, Iraq's private laboratories and recruited from Azadi Teaching Hospital. The findings of this study indicate that Sertoli-cell-only-syndrome (39.996%) displayed the highest prevalence in testicular biopsies and it categorized Johnson score2, Testicular atrophy emerged as the second most frequently encountered condition (23.331%) it categorized as the Johnson scoring 1. Followed by germ cell maturation arrest (16.665%) as Johnson score8-3, followed by hypospermatogenesis (9.999%) as Johnson scoring 7, followed by Seminiferous tubule hyalinization (6.666%) as Johnson scoring 1, Subsequently, there was an observed occurrence of normal spermatogenesis, amounting to 3.333%. The study's results indicated that within our particular geographic region, the Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (SCOS) exhibited the highest prevalence among the 30 specimens examined, which were testicular biopsies obtained from infertile males. Furthermore, it was observed that individuals diagnosed with azoospermia showed a statistically significant increase in serum luteinizing hormone levels, while experiencing a statistically significant decrease in testosterone levels.