Evaluation of Histopathological Findings in Lymph Node Lesions

Abstract

Introduction: Enlargement of lymph nodes is one of the most common presentations in inflammatory and neoplastic disorders. Persistent enlargement of lymph nodes requires detailed investigations to reveal an underlying pathology. Clinical features and radiology images may not be sufficient for diagnosing lymph node lesions. Hence, histopathology has become a mandatory tool to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Aim: To evaluate histopathological patterns of various lymph node lesions. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study was undertaken in the Department of Pathology, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Latur, Maharashtra, India, from October 2016 to September 2018. Information regarding clinical history, and examination was noted from case sheet of patients. Total 104 lymph nodes were grossly examined and processed in routine paraffin technique and then stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Meticulous histopathological examination was done in each case to arrive at correct histopathological diagnosis. Special stains and immunohistochemistry were performed wherever mandatory or indicated. Qualitative data was presented as frequency and percentages. Results: Total 104 patients were studied, majority were males {n=56 (53.8%)} and mean age was 46 years. Reactive lymphadenitis was the most common cause of lymphadenopathy forming 60 (57%) cases. The metastatic lesions were in 23 (21.1%) cases. Other lesions encountered were tubercular lymphadenitis in 15 (14.3%) cases, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in 3 (2.9%) cases, 58 (55.7%) patients had cervical lymphadenopathy and 35 (33.6%) patients had axillary lymphadenopathy. Conclusion: Reactive lymphadenitis was the most common cause of lymphadenopathy in present study. Causes of lymphadenopathy can be suspected on clinical grounds, but histopathological examination is gold standard for early diagnostic and prognostic purpose. Special stains and immunohistochemistry should be done wherever mandatory or when indicated.